Diagnosed depression and sociodemographic factors as predictors of mortality in patients with dementia.

Background: Potentially modifiable risk factors for developing dementia have been identified. However, risk factors for increased mortality in patients with diagnosed dementia are not well understood. Identifying factors that influence prognosis would help clinicians plan care and address unmet needs.

Transdiagnostic Risk Calculator for the Automatic Detection of Individuals at Risk and the Prediction of Psychosis: Second Replication in an Independent National Health Service Trust.

Background: The benefits of indicated primary prevention among individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) are limited by the difficulty in detecting these individuals. To overcome this problem, a transdiagnostic, clinically based, individualized risk calculator has recently been developed and subjected to a first external validation in 2 different catchment areas of the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Trust.

Methods: Second external validation of real world, real-time electronic clinical register-based cohort study.

Inpatient use and area-level socio-environmental factors in people with psychosis.

Purpose: There is consistent evidence that socio-environmental factors measured at an area-level, such as ethnic density, urban environment and deprivation are associated with psychosis risk. However, whether area-level socio-environmental factors are associated with outcomes following psychosis onset is less clear. This study aimed to examine whether the number of inpatient days used by people presenting to mental health services for psychosis was associated with five key area-level socio-environmental factors: deprivation, ethnic density, social capital, population density and social fragmentation.

Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization cross section of the hydroxyl radical.

The absolute photoionization spectrum of the hydroxyl (OH) radical from 12.513 to 14.213 eV was measured by multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry with time-resolved radical kinetics.

Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth.

Background: Initial resuscitation with air is well tolerated by most infants born at term. However, the optimal fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO - proportion of the breathed air that is oxygen) targeted to oxygen saturation (SpO - an estimate of the amount of oxygen in the blood) for infants born preterm is unclear.

Objectives: To determine whether lower or higher initial oxygen concentrations, when titrated according to oxygen saturation targets during the resuscitation of preterm infants at birth, lead to improved short- and long-term mortality and morbidity.

Severe mental illness and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom.

Objective: We investigated the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with severe mental illness (SMI).

Methods: We identified patients with SMI among all those aged 25-74 registered in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink as on March 31, 2014. We compared the prevalence of CKD (two measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.

Aβ42 Protofibrils Interact with and Are Trafficked through Microglial-Derived Microvesicles.

Microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes comprise a class of cell-secreted particles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). These cargo-holding vesicles mediate cell-to-cell communication and have recently been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The two types of EVs are distinguished by the mechanism of cell release and their size, with the smaller exosomes and the larger MVs ranging from 30 to 100 nm and 100 nm to 1 μm in diameter, respectively.

Childhood and Parental Asthma, Future Risk of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Mounting evidence implicates early life and prenatal immune disturbances in the etiology of severe mental illnesses. Asthma is a common illness associated with chronic aberrant immune responses. We aimed to determine if asthma in childhood and parents is associated with bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Root-Cause Analysis for Enhancing Public Health Emergency Preparedness: A Brief Report of a Salmonella Outbreak in the Alamosa, Colorado, Water Supply.

To demonstrate how public health systems can use root-cause analysis (RCA) to improve learning from critical incidents, the research team utilized a facilitated look-back meeting to examine the public health systems' response to a Salmonella outbreak in the water supply in Alamosa, Colorado. We worked with public health, emergency management agencies, and other stakeholders to identify response challenges related to public health emergency preparedness capabilities, root causes, and lessons learned. The results demonstrate that RCA can help identify systems issues that, if addressed, can improve future responses.

Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants.

Background: Sick newborn and preterm infants frequently are not able to be fed enterally, necessitating parenteral fluid and nutrition. Potential benefits of higher parenteral amino acid (AA) intake for improved nitrogen balance, growth, and infant health may be outweighed by the infant's ability to utilise high intake of parenteral AA, especially in the days after birth.

Objectives: The primary objective is to determine whether higher versus lower intake of parenteral AA is associated with improved growth and disability-free survival in newborn infants receiving parenteral nutrition.

Study of low temperature chlorine atom initiated oxidation of methyl and ethyl butyrate using synchrotron photoionization TOF-mass spectrometry.

The initial oxidation products of methyl butyrate (MB) and ethyl butyrate (EB) are studied using a time- and energy-resolved photoionization mass spectrometer. Reactions are initiated with Cl˙ radicals in an excess of oxygen at a temperature of 550 K and a pressure of 6 Torr. Ethyl crotonate is the sole isomeric product that is observed from concerted HO-elimination from initial alkylperoxy radicals formed in the oxidation of EB.

Trinucleate uterine epithelial cells as evidence for White-tail Deer trophoblast binucleate cell migration and as markers of placental binucleate cell dynamics in a variety of wild ruminants.

Introduction: The unicellular trophoblast epithelium of all ruminants so far investigated contains 15-20% binucleate cells with numerous secretory granules. Electron microscope (EM) studies of the domesticated cow, ewe, goat and deer species have established that these BNC migrate out of the trophoblast epithelium to fuse with the apposed maternal uterine epithelial cells or derivative to form fetomaternal tissue throughout pregnancy. However there is one careful EM study of the trophoblast of a wild ruminant, the White-tail deer, which found the usual number of BNC but no evidence of any migration or fusion.

Clinical and cost-effectiveness of an intervention for reducing cholesterol and cardiovascular risk for people with severe mental illness in English primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: People with severe mental illnesses, including psychosis, have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a primary care intervention on decreasing total cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk in people with severe mental illnesses.

Methods: We did this cluster randomised trial in general practices across England, with general practices as the cluster unit.

Weekday and seasonal patterns in psychiatric referrals in three major London A&E departments, 2012-2014.

Unlabelled: Aims and method To identify temporal and demographic trends in referrals made to psychiatric liaison services. Routine clinical data from 16 105 individual referrals from three central London accident and emergency (A&E) departments to psychiatric liaison services from 2012 to 2014 were obtained and analysed using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS).

Results: Referrals from A&E to psychiatric liaison services increased 16% over the 3-year study period.

The Camden & Islington Research Database: Using electronic mental health records for research.

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) are widely used in mental health services. Case registers using EHRs from secondary mental healthcare have the potential to deliver large-scale projects evaluating mental health outcomes in real-world clinical populations.

Methods: We describe the Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust (C&I) Research Database which uses the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) tool to extract and de-identify routinely collected clinical information from a large UK provider of secondary mental healthcare, and demonstrate its capabilities to answer a clinical research question regarding time to diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder.

Radical Thermometers, Thermochemistry, and Photoelectron Spectra: A Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Study of the Methyl Peroxy Radical.

We investigated the simplest alkylperoxy radical, CHOO, formed by reacting photolytically generated CH radicals with O, using the new combustion reactions followed by photoelectron photoion coincidence (CRF-PEPICO) apparatus at the Swiss Light Source. Modeling the experimental photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectrum using Franck-Condon simulations including transitions to triplet and singlet cationic states yielded the adiabatic ionization energy of 10.265 ± 0.

WDR11-mediated Hedgehog signalling defects underlie a new ciliopathy related to Kallmann syndrome.

WDR11 has been implicated in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS), human developmental genetic disorders defined by delayed puberty and infertility. However, WDR11's role in development is poorly understood. Here, we report that WDR11 modulates the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway and is essential for ciliogenesis.

Delayed vs early umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The effects of delayed cord clamping of the umbilical cord in preterm infants are unclear.

Objective: We sought to compare the effects of delayed vs early cord clamping on hospital mortality (primary outcome) and morbidity in preterm infants using Cochrane Collaboration neonatal review group methodology.

Study Design: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese articles, cross-referencing citations, expert informants, and trial registries to July 31, 2017, for randomized controlled trials of delayed (≥30 seconds) vs early (<30 seconds) clamping in infants born <37 weeks' gestation.

Delayed versus Immediate Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants.

Background: The preferred timing of umbilical-cord clamping in preterm infants is unclear.

Methods: We randomly assigned fetuses from women who were expected to deliver before 30 weeks of gestation to either immediate clamping of the umbilical cord (≤10 seconds after delivery) or delayed clamping (≥60 seconds after delivery). The primary composite outcome was death or major morbidity (defined as severe brain injury on postnatal ultrasonography, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, or late-onset sepsis) by 36 weeks of postmenstrual age.

Randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a peer-delivered self-management intervention to prevent relapse in crisis resolution team users: study protocol.

Introduction: Crisis resolution teams (CRTs) provide assessment and intensive home treatment in a crisis, aiming to offer an alternative for people who would otherwise require a psychiatric inpatient admission. They are available in most areas in England. Despite some evidence for their clinical and cost-effectiveness, recurrent concerns are expressed regarding discontinuity with other services and lack of focus on preventing future relapse and readmission to acute care.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm for people with severe mental illness (PRIMROSE).

Objectives: To determine the cost-effectiveness of two bespoke severe mental illness (SMI)-specific risk algorithms compared with standard risk algorithms for primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in those with SMI.

Setting: Primary care setting in the UK. The analysis was from the National Health Service perspective.