Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs) are the leading synthetic replacements for compounds successively banned by the Montreal Protocol and amendments. HFOs and HCFOs readily decompose in the atmosphere to form fluorinated carbonyls, including CFCHO in yields of up to 100%, which are then photolyzed. A long-standing issue, critical for the transition to safe industrial gases, is whether atmospheric decomposition of CFCHO yields any quantity of CHF (HFC-23), which is one of the most environmentally hazardous greenhouse gases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Contemporary data relating to antipsychotic prescribing in UK primary care for patients diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI) are lacking.
Aims: To describe contemporary patterns of antipsychotic prescribing in UK primary care for patients diagnosed with SMI.
Method: Cohort study of patients with an SMI diagnosis (i.
Objectives: To validate codelists for defining a range of mental health (MH) conditions with primary care data, using a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach and without requiring external data.
Methods: We validated Read codelists, selecting and classifying them in three steps. The qualitative step included an in-depth revision of the codes by six doctors.
BMC Public Health
December 2024
Background: Poor social connectedness has been identified as a risk factor for poor mental health but there is a lack of standardisation in how it is measured. This systematic review aimed to identify suitable measures of social connectedness for use in UK adult general populations.
Methods: Searches were undertaken in two stages to identify: (1) measures of social connectedness from review articles and grey literature and (2) studies reporting on the psychometric properties of the identified measures.
The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) has been extensively studied because it can be leveraged to directly convert CO into valuable hydrocarbons. Among the various catalysts, copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) exhibit high selectivity and efficiency for producing CORR products owing to their unique geometric/electronic structures. However, the influence of protective ligands on the CORR performance of Cu NCs remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
December 2024
An organic triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion system consting of Ir(coumarin-6)(acac) and TIPS-naphthalene is used to drive overall water-splitting using the UV-active photocatalyst Rh/CrO/CoOOH/Al:SrTiO. Light from 455 and 470 nm LEDs was upconverted to 355-410 nm at 6.1% efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFButorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM) is commonly used for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) immobilization in captive and free-ranging populations. It is a federally regulated controlled substance requiring stringent regulatory compliance, complicating field application. A prescription-only drug combination, nalbuphine-medetomidine-azaperone® (NalMed-A) provides a less-regulated alternative for use by wildlife professionals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Maternal mental illness (MMI) affects almost a quarter of mothers and may impact a child's development and physical health. It remains unclear whether MMI is associated with altered utilization of vaccination services. Understanding this association could help to identify families in need of additional support.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Electronic health records (EHR) are valuable resources for health research; however, their use is challenging. A validated alcohol use disorder (AUD) codelist for UK primary care is needed to improve population-based research in this patient group. We aimed to develop an AUD codelist for use in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database, a UK EHR primary-care database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the safety and effectiveness of shorter versus longer duration antibiotic regimens for the treatment of suspected neonatal sepsis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreasing chronic disease rates in regional Australian communities necessitates innovative models of healthcare. We evaluated the efficacy of an interprofessional chronic disease program, delivered within a regional student-led nursing and allied health clinic in Southern Queensland, Australia. Changes to anthropometric, aerobic fitness and strength, and quality of life outcomes were examined at four time points spanning 16 months: intake, program transition (4 months), 6 and 12 months (post-transition).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the safety and effectiveness of shorter versus longer duration antibiotic regimens for the treatment of culture-positive neonatal sepsis with or without meningitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Severe mental illness (SMI) has been associated with reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures, although some studies have shown inconsistent results.
Aim: To examine the association between SMI and recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis and fragility fracture in people aged ≥50 years.
Design And Setting: Population-based cohort study set in UK primary care.
Purpose: In 2012, the UK government announced legislation changes and heightened immigration controls designed to create a 'hostile environment for illegal migration.' We measured changes in psychological distress among people from minoritised ethnic groups compared to White British controls before and throughout the implementation of these policies.
Methods: We used the UK Household Longitudinal Survey to estimate difference-in-difference models for six ethnic groups (Bangladeshi, African, Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, and White British) in three eras: pre-policy (2009-2012); (2) transition (2012-2016); and (3) ongoing policy (2016-2020).
Ru is a metal of interest in catalysis. Monodisperse Ru clusters as catalytic sites are relevant for the development of catalysts because clusters use significantly lower amounts of precious materials for forming active sites due to the small size of the cluster. However, retaining the mono-dispersity of the cluster size after deposition is a challenge because surface energy could drive both agglomeration and encapsulation of the clusters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbene species play an integral role in high-energy chemistry, transition-metal-carbene chemistry, catalysis, photolytic formation of carbohydrates, and possibly even the formation of interstellar sugars. In 1921, "reactive formaldehyde"─now known as hydroxymethylene (HCOH)─was first implicated as an intermediate in photocatalytic processes. However, due to its transient nature, direct observation of HCOH has predominantly been attained using cryogenic isolation methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
May 2024
Background: Respiratory distress occurs in up to 7% of newborns, with respiratory support (RS) provided invasively via an endotracheal (ET) tube or non-invasively via a nasal interface. Invasive ventilation increases the risk of lung injury and chronic lung disease (CLD). Using non-invasive strategies, with or without minimally invasive surfactant, may reduce the need for mechanical ventilation and the risk of lung damage in newborn infants with respiratory distress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerceived risk associated with hunters can cause white-tailed deer () to shift their activity away from key foraging areas or alter normal movements, which are important considerations in managing hunting and its effects on a population. We studied the effects of seven firearms hunts on the movements of 20 female deer in two Wildlife Management Areas within the Chattahoochee National Forest of northern Georgia, USA, during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 hunting seasons. Deer populations and the number of hunters in our study area have declined significantly since the 1980s.
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