Publications by authors named "Osawa S"
Background And Objectives: Deep white matter (DWM) is perfused by the medullary arteries from the cortex, and ischemia sometimes occurs after glioma resection. However, the clinical significance of postoperative medullary artery-related ischemia has not been well studied. We retrospectively reviewed cases of delayed DWM ischemia after awake craniotomy to elucidate the clinical characteristics, mechanisms, and management of delayed ischemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Awake surgery facilitates maximal safe resection of brain tissue in cases of glioma, but its effectiveness for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) remains unestablished. In this study, we investigate the safety, success rate of mapping, and surgical outcomes of awake surgery for recurrent GBM.
Methods: This study included glioma cases that underwent awake surgery at our hospital between March 2010 and February 2023 and met the following criteria: (1) cases with a pathologic diagnosis of glioblastoma or astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant, WHO grade 4 at recurrence, and (2) cases in which this was the second surgery in the course of treatment.
Objective: Surgery for peri-rolandic epilepsy requires appropriate consideration to balance the functional risk of postoperative motor deficit and seizure outcome. Based on voxel-based morphometric analysis, the authors hypothesized that cortical damage and ischemic subcortical damage related to surgery could affect postoperative motor deterioration.
Methods: Sixteen patients with peri-rolandic epilepsy who underwent resective surgery at a single institution were retrospectively investigated.
Background: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant colorectal tumour syndrome characterised by the formation of multiple adenomatous polyps throughout the colon. It is important to understand the extracolonic phenotype that characterizes FAP. Most previous case reports of patients with both FAP and intellectual disability (ID) have described deletions in all or part of chromosome 5q, including the APC locus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine because of their various functions, including anti-inflammatory effects. ADSCs are considered to exert their anti-inflammatory effects by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Although recent studies have reported that metabolites have a variety of physiological activities, whether those secreted by ADSCs have anti-inflammatory properties remains unclear.
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- This study investigates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by examining its occurrence in both longitudinal and circumferential positions, focusing on lesions removed via endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
- Researchers analyzed 193 ESCC lesions and found that the anterior wall of the esophagus had smaller median tumor sizes and a higher proportion of early-stage, superficial lesions compared to other locations.
- Despite being less common, lesions on the anterior wall were more likely to be small and only invade the epithelial layer, indicating unique characteristics compared to lesions in other positions.
Article Synopsis
- Recurring utterances (RUs) are a language symptom seen in severe aphasia, particularly in global or Broca's aphasia, but their underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood.
- A novel technique called the super-selective Wada test (ssWada) was used on a 49-year-old man with drug-resistant epilepsy, targeting specific brain regions to induce Broca's aphasia with RUs through localized anesthetic administration.
- This case highlights that RUs can occur without affecting the posterior language area or basal ganglia, suggesting ssWada's value in exploring brain-function connections related to language and cognition.
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) causes extensive ulceration attributable to intestinal inflammation. This study investigated the effect of past extensive ulcers (PEUs) on fecal calprotectin (FC).
Methods: This retrospective, single-center, observational study included patients with UC with a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0.
Article Synopsis
- Suboptimal outcomes in unstable pertrochanteric fractures may be influenced by muscular factors, particularly weakness in the gluteal muscles, rather than just bone integrity.
- The study aimed to investigate the correlation between gluteal muscle size and density in patients with stable versus unstable fractures, hypothesizing that weaker muscles would lead to more unstable fractures.
- A retrospective analysis of 111 geriatric patients with pertrochanteric fractures was conducted, assessing demographic data and muscle metrics, using multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of fracture stability.
Article Synopsis
- - The study evaluated factors impacting the effectiveness of second-generation colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) in diagnosing colorectal issues, focusing on patient demographics, cleansing methods, and detection rates of polyps or tumors.
- - Among 1,006 patients across 44 Japanese hospitals, findings revealed that younger age, male sex, and proper preparation significantly improved the success of CCE, with an overall detection rate of around 89-92% for larger colorectal tumors.
- - CCE had a low retention rate and was generally well-accepted, with 63% of patients preferring CCE for future colonoscopies, reinforcing its safety and effectiveness when bowel preparation is adequate.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates pain levels in children under 5 years undergoing inguinal hernia repair using either laparoscopic approach (LA) or traditional open approach (OA).
- A total of 74 patients' records were reviewed, and pain was assessed using the FLACC scoring system, which rates pain based on facial expressions, leg movement, activity, crying, and consolability.
- Results showed that while LA is less invasive, it did not result in lower postoperative pain levels compared to OA, particularly in children younger than 2 years.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the relationship between gluteal muscle condition and postoperative gait outcomes in patients with pertrochanteric fractures, aiming to identify which preoperative muscle measurements best predict gait ability.
- Using preoperative CT scans to assess muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and density, researchers hypothesized that higher adjusted CSA and muscle density would correlate with better gait performance post-surgery.
- Out of 81 patients assessed, 49 met the criteria for inclusion, showing no significant differences in physical attributes between two groups based on their postoperative gait performance: those needing support from parallel bars versus those walking independently.
Background: Parkinsonism has been reported in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus (OH) following ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). While levodopa works well, some cases are drug resistant. A few case series have reported that endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is beneficial, though its mechanism remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrine cell micronests (ECMs) are aggregates of endocrine cells known as enterochromaffin-like cells, typically measuring approximately 50 μm and usually observed in the mucosal layer of atrophic gastric fundic glands associated with hypergastrinemia. Although there are numerous reports on gastric ECMs, reports on duodenal ECMs are exceedingly rare. We report a rare case of Brunner's gland hyperplasia with increased endocrine cells and ECMs.
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- * The analysis showed that involvement of the subventricular zone (SVZ) is significantly correlated with an increased risk of non-local recurrence (hazard ratio 2.09), while findings also indicate that surgical opening of ventricles does not heighten this risk.
- * A systematic review of 21 studies confirmed SVZ involvement and specific genetic factors (like -6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation) as key risk factors for recurrence, highlighting the importance of tumor location
Novel case of anastomosing hemangioma of the extradural space: illustrative case.
J Neurosurg Case Lessons
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Anastomosing hemangiomas are benign tumors mostly found in the genitourinary tract and paraspinal tissues, with no prior cases reported in the spinal epidural space, leading to uncertain clinical and radiological characteristics.
- A 55-year-old man experienced progressive back pain and sensory issues in his legs, prompting MRI scans that revealed a tumor at the T4-6 level that encircled the spinal cord and extended into the extraspinal region.
- After surgical removal of the tumor and achieving symptom relief without additional treatment, it was concluded that these rare hemangiomas can appear in the spinal epidural space, with distinctive horn-like radiological features serving as important diagnostic indicators.
Article Synopsis
- Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare and dangerous type of cancer that can sometimes occur in the spine, especially in kids.
- A 9-year-old boy had back and leg pain due to a tumor in his spine and had surgery to remove it, which was found to be AT/RT.
- After surgery and treatment, he got better and didn't have any signs of the cancer coming back after 6 months.
Article Synopsis
- Awake surgery helps maximize the safe removal of gliomas by identifying critical brain functions, but its effectiveness for glioblastomas (GBMs) is still uncertain.
- This study evaluated 32 GBM patients who underwent awake surgery, analyzing their surgical outcomes, mapping responses, and any complications.
- Results showed that awake mapping was successful in 88% of cases, with notable positive responses linked to better surgery results and patient survival, although some experienced postoperative neurological issues.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the effectiveness of postoperative observation versus immediate radiotherapy in patients with completely resected brain metastases, highlighting local recurrence rates and risk factors.
- Out of 54 tumors evaluated, 68.5% experienced local recurrence with a median time of 5.1 months; key risk factors identified include non-lung adenocarcinoma type, location of the tumor, and lack of systemic therapy post-surgery.
- A scoring system was developed based on these risk factors, showing a significant difference in local recurrence time: patients with a score ≥2 had a median recurrence at 2.1 months, compared to 30.8 months for those with a score ≤1.
Adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-released exosomes (ASCexos) have multiple biological activities. We examined the effect of ASCexos derived from the inguinal adipose tissue of exercise-trained rats (EX-ASCexos) on adipogenic conversion of 3T3-L1 cells and analyzed their microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes was performed for 9 d with EX-ASCexos or ASCexos from sedentary control rats (SED-ASCexos), and the expression of proteins and miRNA involved in adipogenic differentiation were determined.
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- A 53-year-old woman had surgery to remove a type of tumor called an intracranial solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) that came back in her spine, which is really uncommon.
- After a successful operation to take out the spinal tumor, her pain went away, and she felt better quickly!
- Doctors think using a medicine called Pazopanib after surgery might help stop the tumor from coming back in the spine.
Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is induced by administering amyloid fibrils to animals under inflammatory conditions. Silk fibroin (SF), the main component of silk threads, forms amyloid-like fibrils and has been previously reported to induce AA amyloidosis in mice. In this study, SF was cultured in ethanol solution, and after confirming fibril formation through thioflavin T assay, Congo red assay, and observation under electron microscopy, cultured SF ethanol solutions were administered to mice via various routes to investigate the induction of target organs and amyloidosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: The influence of the age at which complete corpus callosotomy (CC) surgery is performed on seizure outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the age-dependent aspects of long-term seizure outcomes after complete CC.
Methods: We reviewed 41 patients who underwent one-stage complete CC.