Clinicopathologic Study of Sickle Cell-associated Kidney Disease: A Nigerian Experience.

Background: Improvements in sickle cell disease (SCD) care have resulted in the survival of many patients into adulthood, although this is accompanied by the increased incidence of end-organ damage, including chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and predictors of renal dysfunction in SCD patients and investigated the associated renal histopathologic changes.

Methods: We evaluated 105 patients with SCD, for proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tubular dysfunction.

Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Migraine: A Systematic Review.

Migraine is a highly debilitating disease affecting humans worldwide. Despite having known this disease for a long time, not many studies have been done to search for a chronic infectious cause of migraine. The goal of this study was to look for an association between migraine and infection.

Race/Ethnicity as a Risk Factor in the Development of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Thorough Systematic Review of Disparity in the Relationship Between Pregnancy and the Rate of Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal death and morbidity worldwide. Throughout the years, there have not been many studies looking into the association of race and ethnicity with the occurrence of PPH. The goal of this study was to assess race and ethnicity as risk factors in the development of PPH in pregnant women.

Diabetes, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Important Emerging Themes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and obesity represent four large and growing patient populations. A great deal of scientific and clinical knowledge has been developed for them individually, and significant advancements made. Taken as a group, however, the interrelationships are not as well understood.

Radiofrequency Ablation as an Effective Long-Term Treatment for Chronic Sacroiliac Joint Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a popular intervention for chronic pain management, including pain originating in the sacroiliac joint. It offers a less invasive option than surgery but with better results than the previous standard treatment with steroid and anesthetic injections. Procedure volumes have enjoyed significant growth in the market in recent years.

A Systematic Review of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors and Sympathetic Nervous System Inhibition: An Underrated Mechanism of Cardiorenal Protection.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have many actions beyond glycemic control. The drug leads to favorable cardiovascular and renal outcomes. In this review, we focused on how SGLT2 inhibitors produce these outcomes and what role it plays in the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system in diabetic patients.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells directly participate in host immune response.

The properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), including self-renewal and pluripotency, have been extensively studied. These features have been explored in the management of several haematological disorders and malignancies. Although their role as precursors of innate immune cells is well understood, little is known about their direct participation in host immune response.

Osteogenic Sarcoma: A 21st Century Review.

Compared to other bone tumors, bone osteogenic sarcoma (BOS) continues to confer a much grimmer prognosis as the survival benefit of traditional chemotherapy treatment regimens is still unsatisfactory. Chemotherapy was demonstrated to be effective in eradicating both primary tumor and pulmonary metastases in the last century, with effective agents used in various combination regimens having changed the survival rate from less than 10% to 75%. The most common primary bone cancer, BOS is conventionally a primary intramedullary high-grade malignant tumor characterized by malignant cells forming immature bone or osteoid.

Comparison of the depth of tissue necrosis between double-freeze and single-freeze nitrous oxide-based cryotherapy.

Background: Cryotherapy is one the methods of treating cervical premalignant lesions. It is particularly suitable for low-resource countries because of it is relative cheaper, has low cost of maintenance, ease of use and that does not require electricity which is in short supply in many rural areas of developing countries where the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer is very high. In this study we compared single and double freezing on the cervices of women admitted for hysterectomy for benign conditions using Nitrous-based cryotherapy.

Co-existing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and nephrotic syndrome in a Nigerian patient with lupus nephritis.

A little over 30 cases on co-existing nephrotic syndrome and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have been reported from different regions of the world since 1957. We present a case report on co-existence of nephrotic syndrome (secondary to lupus nephritis) with ADPKD in a 24-year-old woman from Nigeria. She was positive for anti-double stranded DNA.

Testicular schistosomiasis: a case report.

Aims And Objectives: To report a case of testicular Schistosomiasis with a suspicion of testicular cancer.

Patient And Methods: Hospital record of a 16 year old patient with histopathology confirmation of testicular Schistosomiasis was reviewed and summarised. The patient who had painless testicular nodules and ultrasound features of heterogenous echotexture and hypoechoic focus was diagnosed as testicular cancer and treated with radical orchidectomy.

Pattern of death in a Nigerian teaching hospital; 3-decade analysis.

Background: In developing countries such as Nigeria, limited resources require that health priorities be selected wisely and death-related research is clearly warranted. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive report on the various causes of death in our center from 1978 to 2006.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of all deaths recorded at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile - Ife, Osun State in Southwest Nigeria from 1978 to 2006.

Testicular and para-testicular tumors in south western Nigeria.

Background: Tumors of the testis and paratesticular tissues are rare, especially in men of African descent. In recent reviews however, the incidence is rising among the Caucasians and black Americans. We set out to determine the incidence in South-Western Nigeria and to examine the histopathologic variants.

Clinicopathological review of schistosomal appendicitis in south western Nigeria.

Background: Gastrointestinal schistosomiasis may involve the appendix and there is no specific clinical picture associated with the same.

Methods: The clinical records and histopathological slides of all patients diagnosed with schistosomal appendicitis between January 1989 and December 2006 in Ile-Ife, south west Nigeria, were reviewed.

Result: Of 956 patients who had appendectomy at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital within the study period, 22 (2.

Surgical outcome of abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer in a Nigerian tertiary institution.

Background: Rectal cancer is a lifestyle-related illness with an increasing incidence in all developing countries in the last decade. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) offers a good oncologic clearance for low rectal cancer. The remaining controversies surrounding APR, as it is performed in a tertiary center in Nigeria, involve defining the role the operation plays in the management of existing rectal problems and determining what outcomes can be expected.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome in a child with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

A case of nephrotic syndrome (NS) and acute renal failure (ARF) associated with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in a 10-year-old boy is reported. Ultrasound revealed irregular, echogenic, circumferential urinary bladder base mass, bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Histopathology of percutaneous renal and urethrocystoscopic biopsy specimens, respectively, revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and embryonal RMS.

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis in an adult Nigerian.

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis (XGO) is a rare benign disease of the testis which has not been previously documented in tropical Africa. We report a case of a 24-year-old Nigerian man who presented with a painless left hemiscrotal swelling. Our clinical diagnosis was left testicular cancer.