Publications by authors named "Osamu Saito"
Measuring cortisol is crucial for assessing adrenal function in patients under stress; however, its value can fluctuate owing to various clinical factors. This study aimed to identify predictors of cortisol levels in pediatric patients with acute physiological stress. Children who were urgently admitted to the general ward or pediatric intensive care unit for acute illness or postoperative care were enrolled, while those with suspected adrenal function abnormalities or on current steroid therapy were excluded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and developmental venous anomaly (DVA) rarely coexist. Developing a surgical strategy to treat this co-occurrence is difficult due to the unclear pathogenesis. We report the use of super-selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and Three-dimensional (3D) rotational digital subtraction venography (DSV) to develop a surgical strategy for complex AVM draining into a DVA.
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- * In this case, instead of immediately extubating the patient, they were given noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) through NT, which helped reduce respiratory effort and afterload.
- * The patient's vital signs remained stable post-extubation, allowing for eventual weaning off NPPV and transfer to a general ward, showcasing the NT's benefits in managing severe heart failure.
Objective Exercise therapy as part of cardiac rehabilitation is one of the most effective treatments for patients with chronic heart failure (HF). The anaerobic threshold (AT) determined by an exhaled gas analysis during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is used to prescribe the appropriate level of exercise therapy. However, CPX using an exhaled gas analysis is not widely performed because of its cost, complexity, and the need for skilled staff.
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- A 69-year-old man experienced acute kidney injury (AKI) as acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) four days after receiving the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
- Despite treatment with steroids, his kidney function declined, leading to hemodialysis, but later improved with confirmation of AIN through a biopsy.
- The case suggests a rare connection between the COVID-19 vaccine and the development of AIN.
Landscape products link to low-input practices and traditional ecological knowledge, and have multiple functions supporting human well-being and sustainability. Here we explore seven landscape products worldwide to identify these multiple functions in the context of food commodification and landscape sustainability. We show that a landscape products lens can improve food systems by fostering sustainability strategies and standards that are place-sensitive, and as such can mitigate conflicts related to food production, social justice and the environment.
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- The study examines factors affecting coil-only embolization of small unruptured aneurysms (SUA) and identifies construction features important for successful procedures.
- Researchers analyzed 17 patients and found relationships between dome/neck ratio, height/neck ratio, height/dome ratio, and the projection of the aneurysm-parent artery, noting adverse events were linked to certain measurements.
- After initial coil placement, 71% of cases had neck remnants, but 88% showed complete occlusion over time, suggesting that appropriate aneurysm selection and anatomical considerations can enhance embolization outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluates the resilience of the Gurage socio-ecological production landscape in Ethiopia, highlighting that despite its diverse land-use, sustainability is currently at risk.
- It uses a community-based scoring system to assess various indicators, finding that aspects like landscape diversity and local governance rank high in resilience, while areas like knowledge and well-being lag behind.
- The overall resilience is deemed below average, prompting the need for strategies to enhance sustainability and attract the attention of policymakers and natural resource managers for better management practices.*
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on IMP-type carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) bacteremia cases in pediatric patients at a Tokyo hospital from 2010 to 2020, highlighting the rarity of such infections and examining clinical data and treatment strategies.
- - Five cases of IMP-type CPE bacteremia in children were identified, alongside a review of 24 adult cases; most patients had underlying conditions, and combination antibiotic therapy was associated with better outcomes compared to monotherapy.
- - The findings indicate a high mortality rate (38%) across 29 cases and suggest that combination therapy may improve survival rates; more research is required to optimize treatment for IMP-type CPE bacteremia.
Article Synopsis
- A case study describes a 46-year-old left-handed bilingual woman who experienced aphasia, resulting in difficulties with language mixing and phonemic errors while speaking Japanese and English after a cerebral infarction.
- The brain lesion was primarily located in the left parietal lobe white matter, affecting her language processing.
- The findings indicate that damage to specific brain networks, particularly the superior and arcuate fasciculus, is linked to bilingual aphasia in this patient.
Article Synopsis
- - The 2021 ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline expands on the previous edition by including 15 clinical questions (CQs) for children along with 46 for adults, using systematic review methods and the GRADE system to determine recommendations.
- - Key recommendations for adult ARDS patients include limiting tidal volume during mechanical ventilation, avoiding excessive targeting of SpO2/PaO2, and recommending low-dose steroids, while also advising against certain diagnostic tools and high-dose steroids.
- - Pediatric ARDS recommendations include suggesting prone positioning for moderate cases and caution against using non-invasive respiratory support and inhalation therapy, emphasizing a tailored approach to treatment based on the latest evidence.
Article Synopsis
- The ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021 is a collaborative effort by Japanese medical societies to update the previous guidelines for managing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), now including recommendations for both adults and children.
- The new guideline expands on the 2016 version by introducing a total of 61 clinical questions (CQs), which were investigated using systematic reviews and meta-analyses to determine recommendations based on evidence.
- Key recommendations include avoiding certain diagnostic practices for pneumonia in adults, suggesting specific ventilation strategies, and advocating for low-dose steroids, while also providing tailored advice for pediatric patients regarding positioning and the use of respiratory support.
Article Synopsis
- Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures can suffer from hidden impact damage that significantly weakens their mechanical properties, highlighting the need for effective monitoring systems.
- This study developed a structural health monitoring (SHM) system using ultrasonic guided waves, generated by a broadband chirp signal from a piezoelectric actuator, to detect and evaluate impact damage in CFRP materials.
- The research showed a linear relationship between the size of impact damage and the maximum time-of-flight (ToF) delay for various CFRP plate types, indicating that this SHM technique can effectively quantify damage size and extent.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the histopathological composition of blood clots retrieved during mechanical thrombectomy in patients suffering from acute ischemic strokes, highlighting variations based on retrieval methods.
- Researchers analyzed clots from different locations (proximal, distal, and aspirated) and measured the proportions of red blood cells, fibrin/platelets, and white blood cells in each sample.
- The findings indicated significant composition differences even within the same patient, suggesting a need for more objective analysis methods and further examination of their clinical relevance.
Effect of transducer placements on thresholds in ears with an abnormal ear canal and severe conductive hearing loss.
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
December 2021
Article Synopsis
- A study examined the effectiveness of cartilage conduction (CC) hearing aids for patients with aural atresia, focusing on whether placing the transducer on the aural cartilage or mastoid provides better sound transmission.
- The research involved 35 patients with severe conductive hearing loss, comparing hearing thresholds for different transducer placements.
- Results showed that for patients with bony atresia, the aural cartilage placement significantly improved hearing thresholds at lower frequencies, while no benefits were found for non-atretic ears, indicating placement is crucial for effective hearing compensation.
Article Synopsis
- - The study analyzes the role of agricultural extension services in Ghana and Zambia, highlighting key factors that shape farmers' attitudes toward these services.
- - Data was collected through surveys from 240 farmers and interviews with 8 key informants, revealing that regular communication, service demand, and technology adoption significantly influence farmer-extension officer relationships.
- - The findings suggest that addressing factors like gender, credit access, and media ownership can improve food safety and nutrition, offering solutions for enhancing agricultural support systems in both countries.
Article Synopsis
- Developing strategies to combat the homogenization of home-garden agroforestry systems is essential for maintaining biodiversity and sustainability in Ethiopia’s Gurage landscape.
- The study identified and mapped five distinct types of enset-based home-gardens based on their composition and structure, highlighting variations in crop and species diversity.
- Declining enset production due to socioeconomic changes threatens food security, necessitating technological advancements and tailored agroforestry practices to sustain these diverse home-garden systems.
Article Synopsis
- Skin disorders and neuropathy are common side effects of chemotherapy, as seen in a 71-year-old man treated for sigmoid colon cancer, who initially experienced drug-induced skin symptoms.
- After two months of chemotherapy with regorafenib, the patient's symptoms worsened, leading to hospitalization where a diagnosis of dermatomyositis—a muscle weakness condition—was made after consulting specialists.
- The patient improved following treatment with steroid pulses and high-dose gamma globulin, highlighting the importance of correctly identifying symptoms that were initially misattributed to chemotherapy side effects.
Introduction: Isolated ultrafiltration (IUF) is an alternative treatment for diuretic-resistant patients with fluid retention. Although hemodialysis (HD) predominantly decreases extracellular water (ECW), the impact of IUF on fluid distribution compared with HD remains unclear.
Methods: We compared the effect of HD (n = 22) and IUF (n = 10) sessions on the body fluid status using a bioimpedance analysis device (InBody S10).