Late recurrence in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after 5-year cancer-free periods.

Objectives: There is no consensus about the follow-up schedule after 5-year cancer-free periods. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the risk factors for the recurrence in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who remained cancer free for more than 5 years.

Methods: Data from six Japanese institutions were retrospectively reviewed.