Enlargement of Gastric Hyperplastic Polyps Arising from Helicobacter heilmannii sensu strico-infected Mucosa after the Successful Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the Long-Term Use of a Proton Pump Inhibitor.

Helicobacter pylori eradication is effective for the regression of gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs). We report a case which demonstrated an enlargement of GHPs after H. pylori eradication.

A case of neuroendocrine tumor at the external urethral meatus after total cystectomy.

Introduction: The histological types of urethral cancer are mainly squamous cell or transitional cell carcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumor is extremely a rare type of urethral cancer.

Case Presentation: A 72-year-old man visited with an erythema at the external urethral meatus.

Secondary osteosarcoma associated with osteofibrous dysplasia: a case report.

Secondary osteosarcoma is a rare complication of primary malignancies and benign bone lesions. There are various types of diseases that cause secondary osteosarcoma. A 15-year-old male presented at our medical center complaining of pain and redness in the right lower leg.

A Case of Persistent Fifth Aortic Arch With an Interrupted Fourth Aortic Arch.

We report the case of a 4-year-old boy with coarctation of the aorta resulting from persistent fifth aortic arch, a rare abnormality, along with an interrupted fourth aortic arch. When he visited a general practitioner with an upper respiratory infection, a heart murmur was noted. Computed tomography findings led to the diagnosis of persistent fifth aortic arch with an interrupted fourth aortic arch.

HER3 Augmentation via Blockade of EGFR/AKT Signaling Enhances Anticancer Activity of HER3-Targeting Patritumab Deruxtecan in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a standard first-line therapy for activated -mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Treatment options for patients with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance are limited. HER3 mediates EGFR-TKI resistance.

Immunohistochemical characterization of granulomatosis with polyangiitis exhibiting spontaneous regression.

Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is characterized by granulomatous inflammation, vasculitis, and elevated levels of serum proteinase 3 (PR3)-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA).

Objective: We tried to characterize immune cells accumulated into the lung lesions of a GPA patient exhibiting spontaneous regression.

Methods: Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analyses.

U3-1402 sensitizes HER3-expressing tumors to PD-1 blockade by immune activation.

Immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) induces durable antitumor efficacy in many types of cancer. However, such clinical benefit is limited because of the insufficient reinvigoration of antitumor immunity with the drug alone; therefore, rational therapeutic combinations are required to improve its efficacy. In our preclinical study, we evaluated the antitumor effect of U3-1402, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 3-targeting (HER3-targeting) antibody-drug conjugate, and its potential synergism with PD-1 inhibition.

Ectopic TWEAKR expression in type I fiber of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats is related to slow muscle-specific hypotrophy.

Aims: Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) show significantly lower body weight than normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Our hypotheses are as follows: weight loss of the skeletal muscle is related to hypertension-related diseases, and muscle hypotrophy is useful as a therapeutic target for hypertension and hypertension-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathophysiological characteristics of muscle hypotrophy in SHRSP to determine the therapeutic target molecule(s).

A fungal ball within a maxillary sinus with dental root canal filler and rare fungal propagules.

A fungal ball of a maxillary sinus sometimes includes dental treatment-related foreign material because the sinus is close to the root of the upper teeth. We present a case of right maxillary sinus fungal ball with a gutta-percha point, a dental root canal filler. X-ray analysis of the foreign material in the paraffin section of the fungal ball successfully detected zinc, sulfur, and barium, all of which were constituents of the gutta-percha point.

[fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan, antitumor activity is dependent on HER2 expression level rather than on HER2 amplification.

Therapies targeted to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have proven effective against tumors positive for HER2 amplification, but there is an unmet clinical need for the treatment of tumors that express HER2 protein in the absence of HER2 amplification. [fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate composed of the anti-HER2 antibody and the topoisomerase I inhibitor, an exatecan derivative. It has shown efficacy against tumors that express HER2 and is currently under evaluation in clinical trials.

Intravascular Lymphoma Presenting as a Cavernous Sinus Tumor.

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a malignant lymphoma that lacks the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules so that cells fluidly migrate within the blood vessels. The patient in the present study had restricted eye movement caused by IVL, mimicking a cavernous sinus tumor. Because the cavernous sinus lumen is divided into multiple compartments by trabeculae and venous channels, IVL tumor cells were trapped in these compartments, thus forming a mass, which subsequently extended into the contralateral cavernous sinus via the anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses.

Spontaneously infarcted parotid tumours: MRI findings.

Objectives: To report MRI findings of spontaneous infarction in parotid tumours.

Methods: 14 patients (13 male, 1 female; mean age 73 years) with spontaneously infarcted parotid tumours were reviewed retrospectively. MR images were assessed for the location, the presence of synchronous parotid masses, margin characteristics, signal intensity on and weighted images, and internal architecture according to the distribution of signal hyperintensity.

B7-H3 Negatively Modulates CTL-Mediated Cancer Immunity.

Anti-programmed-death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy improves survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but some cases are refractory to treatment, thereby requiring alternative strategies. B7-H3, an immune-checkpoint molecule, is expressed in various malignancies. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate B7-H3 expression in NSCLCs treated with anti-PD-1 therapy and the therapeutic potential of a combination of anti-PD-1 therapy and B7-H3 targeting.

Heart-bound adiponectin, not serum adiponectin, inversely correlates with cardiac hypertrophy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

What is the central question of this study? An inverse correlation between circulating adiponectin and many diseases has been reported, but some studies have found no correlation. To evaluate this controversy, we investigated the relationship between heart-bound adiponectin and hypertension or cardiac hypertrophy, compared with serum adiponectin. What is the main finding and its importance? Using hypertensive and normotensive rats, we found that heart-bound adiponectin was inversely correlated with cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that heart-bound adiponectin has a more important function in preventing cardiac hypertrophy than circulating adiponectin.

DS-8201a, a new HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate incorporating a novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, overcomes HER2-positive gastric cancer T-DM1 resistance.

Anti-HER2 therapies are beneficial for patients with HER2-positive breast or gastric cancer. T-DM1 is a HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising the antibody trastuzumab, a linker, and the tubulin inhibitor DM1. Although effective in treating advanced breast cancer, all patients eventually develop T-DM1 resistance.

Multimaterial Decomposition Algorithm for the Quantification of Liver Fat Content by Using Fast-Kilovolt-Peak Switching Dual-Energy CT: Clinical Evaluation.

Purpose To assess the clinical accuracy and reproducibility of liver fat quantification with the multimaterial decomposition (MMD) algorithm, comparing the performance of MMD with that of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy by using liver biopsy as the reference standard. Materials and Methods This prospective study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and patients provided written informed consent. Thirty-three patients suspected of having hepatic steatosis underwent non-contrast material-enhanced and triple-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (CT) (80 and 140 kVp) and single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy within 30 days before liver biopsy.

HER2 genomic amplification in circulating tumor DNA from patients with cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer.

Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring wild-type KRAS benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy. However, patients who are treated with anti-EGFR antibodies will eventually develop the resistance to those agents. HER2 amplification is one of the mechanisms conferring resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy and could therefore be a potential therapeutic target.

Increased ectodomain shedding of cell adhesion molecule 1 from pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetic pancreata: correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels.

Pulmonary emphysema and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both caused by lifestyle factors, frequently concur. Respectively, the diseases affect lung alveolar and pancreatic islet cells, which express cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), an immunoglobulin superfamily member. Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding of full-length CADM1 produces C-terminal fragments (CTFs) with proapoptotic activity.

Conventional MRI findings for predicting submandibular pleomorphic adenoma.

Background: Although pleomorphic adenomas account for over 90% of all benign submandibular gland tumors, the imaging features of submandibular pleomorphic adenomas have not been reported in a large number of cases.

Purpose: To assess the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for predicting the submandibular pleomorphic adenoma.

Material And Methods: MR studies of 42 pleomorphic adenomas and 28 other types of tumor were reviewed.

Chlamydospores of Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis in tissue of pulmonary mucormycosis.

Hyphae are usually the only fungal elements found in tissue of mucormycosis, and other fungal elements are quite rarely encountered. We found chlamydospores in bronchial lumina in autopsied tissue of pulmonary mucormycosis of a diabetic patient. Chlamydospores are thick-walled, asexually produced spores arising from the modification of a hyphal segment.

Assessment of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for HCC and dysplastic nodules and comparison of detection sensitivity versus MDCT.

Background: We aimed to evaluate gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and dysplastic nodules (DNs) compared with dynamic multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT), and to discriminate between HCCs and DNs.

Methods: Eighty-six nodules diagnosed as HCC or DNs were retrospectively investigated. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and dynamic MDCT were compared with respect to their diagnostic ability for hypervascular HCCs and detection sensitivity for hypovascular tumors.

Activation of ERBB2 signaling causes resistance to the EGFR-directed therapeutic antibody cetuximab.

Cetuximab, an antibody directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor, is an effective clinical therapy for patients with colorectal, head and neck, and non-small cell lung cancer, particularly for those with KRAS and BRAF wild-type cancers. Treatment in all patients is limited eventually by the development of acquired resistance, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we show that activation of ERBB2 signaling in cell lines, either through ERBB2 amplification or through heregulin up-regulation, leads to persistent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling and consequently to cetuximab resistance.