Physical inactivity, depressive symptoms, and progression to sarcopenia in older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: To examine the combined association of physical inactivity and depressive symptoms with the progression to sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A 4-year follow-up longitudinal study.

Setting: Community-dwelling older adults living in Japan, who were not sarcopenic at baseline.

Relationship between self-rated health, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Objective: Poor self-rated health (SRH) and physical frailty are both significant predictors of disability in older adults, but their joint association on health outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SRH, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 2838 older adults aged 65 years or older (mean age, 73.

Chronic low back pain and decreased physical activity are associated with social frailty incidence among community-dwelling older adults.

Aim: Nearly half of older adults with frailty experience chronic pain. Chronic pain contributes to activity restrictions. Decreased physical activity with chronic pain is associated not only with physical dysfunction but also with reduced engagement in social activities.

Examination of Gait Characteristics Related to Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Study Focusing on Plantar Pressure.

Background: Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength with age, which results in a lower gait speed. Decreased gait speed in older individuals with sarcopenia can lead to adverse events such as falls and mortality. It is a major health issue; several studies have investigated gait speed in sarcopenia.

Associations between Japanese calligraphy practice and sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional Study.

Background: Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, are common among the elderly population and have been associated with negative health outcomes. Japanese calligraphy is a traditional art practice previously associated with various health benefits, such as stress reduction and improved cognitive function; however, its association with sleep quality has not been fully explored.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 21,207 subjects with basic attributes, health status, depressive symptoms, artistic practices, and sleep habits.

Detection of neurophysiological markers of cognitive reserve: an EEG study.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain that allows for better-than-expected cognitive performance relative to the degree of brain change over the course of life. However, neurophysiological markers of CR remain under-investigated. Electroencephalography (EEG) features may function as suitable neurophysiological markers of CR.

Diversity in productive activities enhances life satisfaction among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Few studies have reported an association between diversity in productive activities and life satisfaction; hence, this cross-sectional study conducted in Japan aimed to clarify this association. We assessed the life satisfaction of 4,498 Japanese community-dwelling older adults engaged in productive activities (e.g.

Association between Hearing Aid Use and Cognitive Function in Persons with Hearing Impairment Stratified by Cardiovascular Risk.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with hearing impairment, stratified by cardiovascular risk level. This cross-sectional study covers 1857 hearing-impaired individuals selected among 10,674 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) in Japan. We investigate the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline stratified by cardiovascular risk level, by assessing self-reported hearing impairment and hearing aid use, absolute cardiovascular risk, cognitive function, and potential confounding factors.

Association between perceived value of adopting new behaviors and incident disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: This longitudinal observational cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between perceived value (PV) to adopt new behaviors and incident disability in community-dwelling older adults.

Method: Participants were 5073 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan (M = 74.0 ± 5.

Impacts of Negative and Positive Life Events on Development of Social Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the impact of negative and positive life events on the development of social frailty.

Design: Population-based longitudinal study.

Setting And Participants: This study was set in the Japanese community cohort and included 2174 adults aged ≥65 years without social frailty at baseline.

Association between the perceived value of adopting new behaviors and depressive symptoms among older adults.

Early preventive measures against depression have become important with unprecedented global aging. Increase in one's perceived value (PV) may correspond to better mental health outcomes. This cross-sectional observation study aimed to clarify whether the PV of adopting new behaviors is associated with depressive symptoms.

Lifetime Physical Activity and Late-Life Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: Regular physical activity throughout life is generally recommended to prevent dementia; however, there is little evidence regarding the association between lifetime physical activity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which often precedes dementia. This study aimed to examine the association of lifetime physical activity and their transitions with late-life MCI.

Design: A population-based case-control study.

Physical frailty and survival time after the onset of functional disability: Is there a sex difference?

Background: Physical frailty accelerates the timing of both subsequent disability and death; however, evidence regarding the impact of frailty on the period from disability onset to death and sex differences of this impact is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship among physical frailty, disability, death, and sex differences.

Methods: This Japanese cohort study included 10,524 community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years.

Neurophysiological markers in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: an EEG study.

Background: Neurodegeneration and structural changes in the brain due to amyloid deposition have been observed even in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). EEG measurement is considered an effective tool because it is noninvasive, has few restrictions on the measurement environment, and is simple and easy to use. In this study, we investigated the neurophysiological characteristics of community-dwelling older adults with MCI using EEG.

Social isolation and risk of disability in older adults: Effect modification of metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: Delaying the onset of disabilities is a social challenge, especially in an aging society. Social isolation (SI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) can coexist and pose the risks of disability onset. However, their interaction is not proven in older adults.

Subjective Cognitive Decline and Frailty Trajectories and Influencing Factors in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.

We studied frailty and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) trajectories in older Japanese adults and evaluated the influence of various factors on these trajectories. We analyzed data from 1157 non-demented adults aged 70 and above from 2013 to 2019. Frailty was assessed using the self-administered Kihon Checklist (KCL), a Japanese frailty index.

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Traffic Incidents in Older Drivers in Japan.

Importance: To prevent motor vehicle collisions by older drivers, the increased risk of collisions should be considered early. Cognitive decline increases the risk of car collisions. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), characterized by the presence of cognitive concerns and slow gait, can be assessed conveniently and is useful to assess the risk of dementia.

Differential effects of lifestyle activities on disability incidence based on neighborhood amenities.

Background: This study examined the effect of neighborhood amenities on disability risk among community-dwelling older adults in Japan, based on lifestyle activities.

Method: This was an observational prospective cohort study. Participants comprised 13,258 older adults from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes.

Difference in employment status and onset of disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: This prospective cohort study investigates the relationship between the onset of disability and employment status.

Methods: We investigated 3,741 community-dwelling adults aged 70 or older, who participated in a population-based cohort study in Japan. Their onset of disability was monitored monthly using the long-term care insurance certification registration system, for five years from baseline.

Association between COVID-19 emergency declarations and physical activity among community-dwelling older adults enrolled in a physical activity measurement program: Evidence from a retrospective observational study using the regression discontinuity design.

Background: The current study examines the negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency declarations on physical activity among the community-dwelling older adults, the participants of a physical activity measurement program, in Japan.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 1,773 community-dwelling older adults (aged 74.6 ± 6.

Reciprocal relationship between physical and social frailty among community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: Both physical and social frailty are risk factors for major adverse health-related outcomes and influence each other. However, the longitudinal causal relationship between physical and social frailty has not been clarified. This study aimed to determine the reciprocal relationship between physical and social frailty by age group.

Sarcopenic Obesity and Risk of Disability in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study.

Objectives: Previous studies have indicated that sarcopenic obesity is a risk factor for disability onset. However, these studies had disparities in terms of criteria for sarcopenia, study design, or study population. No longitudinal study has investigated the effect of sarcopenic obesity on disability onset in an Asian population using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria for sarcopenia definition.

Association of Loneliness With the Incidence of Disability in Older Adults With Hearing Impairment in Japan.

Importance: Loneliness is suggested to negatively affect physical and mental health and influence the development of disability; however, a consensus on the relationship between loneliness and disability has not been reached. Age-related hearing impairment worsens the daily-life activities of older adults, and the association between loneliness and the incidence of disability may be influenced by hearing impairment.

Objective: To examine the association between loneliness and the incidence of disability among older adults stratified by hearing impairment.

Association of sarcopenia and systolic blood pressure with mortality: A 5-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: Whether the combination of sarcopenia and systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes the risk of all-cause mortality is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between sarcopenia and SBP in community-dwelling older adults and determine whether this association changes the mortality risk.

Methods: Older adults aged ≥65 years participated in the baseline assessment.

Information and Communication Technology Use for Alleviation of Disability Onset in Socially Isolated Older Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Introduction: Delaying the onset of disability is important for maintaining independence and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. Given that social isolation is a significant risk factor for disability, effective means associated with social isolation are needed to alleviate disability. Although information and communication technology (ICT) may be a reasonable measure considering the recent social contexts due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, further insights are required.