Association between oral loop diuretics duration before discharge and hospital readmission in acute decompensated heart failure: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

There are uncertainties when to start patients on oral loop diuretics after managing acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) before discharge. This study aims to investigate the impact of prolonging observation duration on hospital readmissions following the switch to oral loop diuretics before discharge in patients with ADHF. A multicenter retrospective study that included adult patients (>18 years) diagnosed with ADHF and discharged on oral loop diuretics in Saudi Arabia.

Effectiveness and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.

: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are used in the management of type II diabetes mellitus or obesity, although its role in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been debated. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RA in patients with T1DM using real-world data. : This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted at three tertiary medical centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Safety and Effectiveness of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism using Real-World Data: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have shown comparable efficacy and a superior safety profile in clinical trials for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, further study is needed to assess DOACs' effectiveness and safety compared to warfarin in a real-world context. Thus, this meta-analysis compares the effectiveness and safety of warfarin and DOACs in patients with VTE.

Current situation and barriers to women's leadership in health care education in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The aims of the current study were to explore the true representation of female academic staff who have advanced to leadership positions in Saudi health academic institutions and to determine the possible barriers to women's advancement to leadership positions in academia.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2022 and August 2023 using an adapted self-reported online questionnaire via Google form. Data was analyzed descriptively and comparatively by presenting frequencies with percentages besides means with standard deviations across various background categories and comparing them using student test.

The Association between Self-Care Activities and Depression in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey Study.

This study examined the level of adherence to self-care behaviors among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia and its connection with depression and demographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among diabetes patients using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depression and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) to evaluate diabetes self-care activities. Among the 252 participants who completed the survey, 43.

Research barriers in Saudi pharmacy residency training programs.

Background: The aim of this study is to identify potential barriers to conducting and publishing pharmacy residency research.

Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed pharmacy residents in Saudi Arabia from August to September 2020. The online survey assesses residents' characteristics, residency research experience, barriers to completion, and challenges in publishing.

Appropriateness of proton pump inhibitors use in noncritically ill hospitalized children in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Studies assessing the appropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for hospitalized noncritically ill pediatric patients are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the suitability of PPI prescriptions in noncritically ill pediatric patients.

Methods: This cross sectional retrospective study was conducted at a maternity hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia from November 2020 to January 2021.

Metformin use among obese patients with prediabetes in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: An observational study.

Background And Aims: The high prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus and its secondary complications in Saudi Arabia is a major healthcare concern. Evidence suggests that despite evidence-based efficacy and safety, metformin is underutilized in prediabetic obese patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of metformin in prediabetic obese patients in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

An Update on the Effect Of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of liver disease, specifically chronic liver disease. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with the risk of NAFLD given that patients usually have insulin resistance as one of the observed complications with NAFLD. Hypoglycemic agents, including sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), have shown to improve NAFLD.

Comparative effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the management of obesity in adults without diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Tirzepatide is a new glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) that has shown promising results for weight loss. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs for obesity management. Embase and MEDLINE were searched looking for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of GLP-1RAs for weight loss in patients without diabetes.

The use of metformin for type 2 diabetes prevention: Observational multicenter study from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Patients with prediabetes are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. While intensive lifestyle modification is the primary approach to delaying diabetes, metformin has been shown to be effective, especially among patients younger than 60 years and obese (body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m), patients with fasting blood glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6%, and women with history of gestational diabetes.

Corrigendum: Parents' Hesitancy to Vaccinate Their 5-11-Year-Old Children Against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Predictors From the Health Belief Model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.

Comparative Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Following Concurrent Administration of Vancomycin with Piperacillin/Tazobactam or Meropenem: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

The study aims to comparatively assess the nephrotoxicity of vancomycin when combined with piperacillin-tazobactam (V + PT) or meropenem (V + M) in adult patients hospitalized in general wards or intensive care units. We searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for observational studies evaluating incidences of AKI in adult patients receiving V + PT or V + M for at least 48 h in general wards or intensive care units. The primary outcome was AKI events, while the secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), and mortality events.

Parents' Hesitancy to Vaccinate Their 5-11-Year-Old Children Against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Predictors From the Health Belief Model.

Data exploring parents' hesitancy to vaccinate their 5-11-year-old children against COVID-19, and associated factors, is limited. This study aims to investigate parents' beliefs and intentions to vaccinate their 5-11-year-old children using the Health Belief Model in Saudi Arabia. A national, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in November, 2021.

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Pediatrics With Type 1 Diabetes Prior to and During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: Previous reports suggest that the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic might have affected incidences of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the risk of DKA, including severe DKA, during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the prior-to-COVID-19 period among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for observational studies investigating the risk of DKA among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the prior-to-COVID-19 period.

Characteristics of the ideal clinical pharmacy residency candidate: A survey of residency program directors and preceptors in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Residency positions are highly competitive. Pharmacy students who are familiar with the ideal qualities of residency candidates and the expectations of residency programs may be more likely to obtain one of these coveted positions. This study identifies the characteristics that residency program directors (RPDs) and preceptors use to define an ideal residency candidate.

The use of direct oral anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis or treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis and review of the guidelines.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication among patients with cancer and is one of the most common causes of increased morbidity and mortality. The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CA-VTE) has been evaluated in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess efficacy and safety of using DOACs for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of CA-VTE and provide a summary for available guidelines' recommendations.

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism: Experience of a Large Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a "real-world" setting.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a large tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Patients were included if they were adults (≥18 years), diagnosed with VTE, and treated with either apixaban or warfarin between January 2016 and September 2018.

Safety and effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis use in hospitalized elderly medical patients at a Saudi tertiary care center.

Introduction: Appropriate prescribing of thromboprophylaxis according to guidelines' recommendations can heighten over- or underutilization risk. The study intended to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of appropriate/inappropriate thromboprophylaxis use among hospitalized elderly medical patients.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted, including patients who were ≥60 years old, hospitalized for an acute medical illness that required hospitalization in a medical ward for >48 h, and received thromboprophylaxis.

Heart failure outcomes and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of observational studies.

Aim/objective: Recently, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) class showed a significant reduction in heart failure (HF) hospitalization in several meta-analyses of cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the real-world evidence regarding HF outcomes of GLP-1RAs.

Methods: We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for observational studies that investigated HF outcomes of GLP-1RAs.

Safety and efficacy of dual versus triple antithrombotic therapy (DAT vs TAT) in patients with atrial fibrillation following a PCI: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: Creating an appropriate antithrombotic therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a dilemma. Several clinical trials compared the use of a dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) regimen with a direct oral anticoagulants including (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban or rivaroxaban) and a P2Y inhibitor versus a triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) that includes a vitamin K antagonist plus aspirin and a P2Y inhibitor in patients with AF who have undergone PCI. However, there are no head-to-head trials comparing the DAT regimens to each other.

Indirect comparison of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists regarding cardiovascular safety and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: network meta-analysis.

Background: The cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have shown that glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) have varying degrees of cardiovascular (CV) safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM.) The lack of any head-to-head comparative trials among GLP1RAs urged the need for an indirect comparison of these agents. Therefore, this study was conducted to indirectly compare the CV safety and mortality effects among different GLP1RAs in patients with T2DM using network meta-analysis (NMA).

Update on Cardiovascular Safety of Incretin-Based Therapy in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials.

Objectives: The authors of 2 large randomized trials have recently published their findings related to the effects of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) (the HARMONY trial) and a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (the CARMELINA trial) on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In light of these new data, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of GLP-1RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors in CV outcome trials to assess their CV safety in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the Embase and MEDLINE databases to identify trials involving GLP-1RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors with major CV-related outcomes reported, including major adverse CV events, CV death, myocardial infarction, stroke, death from any cause and hospitalization because of heart failure.

Network meta-analysis of nine large cardiovascular outcome trials of new antidiabetic drugs.

The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to indirectly compare the cardiovascular (CV) safety of new antidiabetic medications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DATA SYNTHESIS: A search of the Embase and MEDLINE databases was conducted systematically to identify cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of new antidiabetic medications (DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors) in patients with T2DM. The primary outcomes were the composite endpoint of CV death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke (MACE), death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke and death from any cause.

Insights From Practice With Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Transplantation.

Solid organ transplant patients are at risk of developing atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Direct oral anticoagulants are considered an attractive option for anticoagulation in patients due to their convenience; however, strong evidence of their use in transplantation is lacking. We conducted a search using Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases, in addition to International Society of Heart and Lung transplantation and American Transplant Congress abstracts (from 2012 through December 2017).