Misdiagnosis of Extraskeletal Osteochondroma in the Foot: A Report of 3 Cases.

Cases: Two women presented with newly growing callosities beneath the first and second metatarsal heads, initially believed to reflect gastrocnemius tightness and plantar plate pathology. In another man, swelling at the posterolateral aspect of the heel was mistaken for a Haglund deformity. Subsequent imaging of each patient led to delayed diagnosis of extraskeletal osteochondroma (ESO).

Neurothekeoma: Another differential in the diagnosis of a subungual swelling.

Case: Lesions, which commonly grow and protrude beneath the distal end of a toe nail and present to the podiatrist or foot and ankle surgeon, include subungual exostosis or enchondroma and a Nora lesion. Neurothekeoma is a benign dermal tumour of the peripheral nerve sheath that usually affects the skin of the head, neck, shoulders and arms. It occurs less commonly in the lower limbs and has only been reported twice in a subungual location.

Comparative study of amlodipine vs. cilnidipine for the prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat model.

Ca signaling plays crucial role in ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although blockade of L-type Ca channels by amlodipine (AML) has been shown to suppress hepatic I/R injury in several animal models, information is still needed regarding the hepatoprotective effects of the dual L/N-type Ca channel blockers, cilnidipine (CIL). We examined the effect of pretreatment with AML or CIL (100 μg/kg i.

Deoxycholic acid promotes development of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's oesophagus by modulating integrin-αv trafficking.

The fundamental mechanisms underlying erosive oesophagitis and subsequent development of Barrett's oesophagus (BO) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of specific components of the gastric refluxate on adhesion molecules involved in epithelial barrier maintenance. Cell line models of squamous epithelium (HET-1A) and BO (QH) were used to examine the effects of bile acids on cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins (Collagen, laminin, vitronectin, fibronectin) and expression of integrin ligands (α , α α , α and α ).

Ran is a potential therapeutic target for cancer cells with molecular changes associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways.

Purpose: Cancer cells have been shown to be more susceptible to Ran knockdown than normal cells. We now investigate whether Ran is a potential therapeutic target of cancers with frequently found mutations that lead to higher Ras/MEK/ERK [mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; MEK)] and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTORC1 activities.

Experimental Design: Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry [propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V staining] and MTT assay in cancer cells grown under different conditions after knockdown of Ran.

pcDNA3.1tdTomato is superior to pDsRed2-N1 for optical fluorescence imaging in the F344/AY-27 rat model of bladder cancer.

Purpose: Animal models are important for pre-clinical assessment of novel therapies in metastatic bladder cancer. The F344/AY-27 model involves orthotopic colonisation with AY-27 tumour cells which are syngeneic to F344 rats. One disadvantage of the model is the unknown status of colonisation between instillation and sacrifice.

Thymoquinone ameliorates renal oxidative damage and proliferative response induced by mercuric chloride in rats.

We tested the hypothesis if thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) could ameliorate renal oxidative damage and proliferative response induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in rats. HgCl2 (3 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to each one of two groups of rats: (i) HgCl2-thymoquinone group that received thymoquinone (10 mg/kg/day); and (ii) HgCl2 group that received vehicle instead of thymoquinone. A third group of rats was reserved as control group.