A Possible Reciprocal Relationship Between Myopia and Dry Eye Disease in Japanese Teenagers.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and myopia in Japanese teenagers.

Methods: This clinic-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study assessed DED condition in 10- to 19-year-old teenagers presenting at Japanese eye clinics. They included 106 high myopic patients (HM; mean age, 16.

Analysis of the performance of the CorneAI for iOS in the classification of corneal diseases and cataracts based on journal photographs.

CorneAI for iOS is an artificial intelligence (AI) application to classify the condition of the cornea and cataract into nine categories: normal, infectious keratitis, non-infection keratitis, scar, tumor, deposit, acute primary angle closure, lens opacity, and bullous keratopathy. We evaluated its performance to classify multiple conditions of the cornea and cataract of various races in images published in the Cornea journal. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the top classification with the highest predictive score was 0.

Corneal In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Findings in Dry Eye Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in cornea in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with a novel confocal microscopy device.

Methods: Twenty-three right eyes of patients with SS (23 women; mean age, 65.4 ± 11.

Corneal higher-order aberrations in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Purpose: To characterize the topography patterns and quantify corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in the chronic phase of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Methods: This retrospective, consecutive case series included 84 eyes of 49 patients in the chronic phase of SJS/TEN. HOAs of the total cornea, and of the anterior and posterior surfaces were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Dry Eye Disease.

Confocal microscopy is a new, emerging, noninvasive technology that can aid in the in vivo assessment of structural changes in several ocular surface diseases at the cellular level. In the dry eye field, in vivo confocal microscopy has been applied to the examination of the cornea, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, Meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland. The device can assess the morphology, including superficial/wing/basal epithelial cell density, stromal keratocyte density, endothelial cell density, nerve fiber density, the number of beadings, nerve tortuosity, nerve reflectivity, and inflammatory cell density in the cornea.

Microwave Irradiation as a Promising Method of Sterilization for Acanthamoeba polyphaga in Cultures.

Purpose: To determine the killing effect of microwave irradiation on Acanthamoeba polyphaga.

Methods: The trophozoites and cysts of A. polyphaga both in water and on agar were exposed to microwave irradiation with a capacity of 750 W for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively.

Eyelid cleansing with ointment for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of eyelid margin cleansing with ofloxacin ophthalmic ointment in obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients.

Methods: Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with obstructive MGD were enrolled. All subjects were instructed to rub the eyelid edge with ofloxacin eye ointment once daily prior to bathing.

Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Conjunctiva in Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase-1 (Sod1)-Knockout Mice.

Purpose: A healthy conjunctiva secreting mucins is essential for maintaining the integrity of the ocular surface epithelium. We used Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase 1-deficient mice (Sod1-/- mice) and investigated the effect of oxidative stress on the tear function, conjunctival phenotype, and ocular surface mucin expression.

Methods: Fifty-week-old C57/B6 wild-type (WT) and Sod1-/- mice were used for evaluations of the tear film breakup time and periodic acid Schiff staining of the conjunctival specimens to detect goblet cell densities in the conjunctiva.

The effect of Nrf2 knockout on ocular surface protection from acute tobacco smoke exposure: evidence from Nrf2 knockout mice.

Ocular surface mucosa is the first-line ocular tissue to be exposed to environmental stress. We evaluated tear functions and keratoconjunctival epithelial alterations after sidestream cigarette smoke (SCS) exposure and tried to clarify the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nfe2l2, also known as Nrf2), on the ocular surface. In wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mice, tear volume did not change after SCS exposure.

Functional visual acuity assessment of severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in functional visual acuity (FVA) measurements before and after treatment with 0.1% cyclosporine ophthalmic solution for 3 months in patients with severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).

Methods: Pairs of eyes were analyzed from 3 boys (mean age 9 ± 3.

Oxidative stress induced age dependent meibomian gland dysfunction in Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1) knockout mice.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate alterations in the meibomian gland (MG) in Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase-1 knockout (Sod1-/-) mouse.

Methods: Tear function tests [Break up time (BUT) and cotton thread] and ocular vital staining test were performed on Sod1-/- male mice (n = 24) aged 10 and 50 weeks, and age and sex matched wild-type (+/+) mice (n = 25). Tear and serum samples were collected at sacrifice for inflammatory cytokine assays.

Evaluation of a thermosensitive atelocollagen punctal plug treatment for dry eye disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a thermosensitive atelocollagen punctal plug in the treatment of dry eye disease.

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Methods: The thermosensitive atelocollagen punctal plug was warmed at 37 C, 39 C, 41 C, and 43 C to evaluate the appropriate temperature and time for solidification.

Evaluation of lipid oxidative stress status in Sjögren syndrome patients.

Purpose: We evaluated the levels of lipid oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cells from tears and conjunctiva of patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) and normal subjects.

Methods: We examined 31 eyes of 16 patients (16 females) with SS and 15 eyes of 10 healthy controls (2 males and 8 females) in this prospective study. All subjects underwent a Schirmer test, measurement of tear film break-up time, vital stainings, confocal microscopy of the conjunctiva, tear collection for hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), ELISA, and conjunctival brush cytology.

Visante optical coherence tomography and tear function test evaluation of cholinergic treatment response in patients with sjögren syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate tear meniscus changes in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) receiving oral pilocarpine with Visante optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Eight patients with primary SS were recruited in this prospective interventional case series study. Patients received pilocarpine tablets twice a day for 3 months.

In vivo confocal microscopy evaluation of meibomian gland dysfunction in atopic-keratoconjunctivitis patients.

Purpose: To clarify meibomian gland (MG) alterations in atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) patients and compare the findings with obstructive MG dysfunction (MGD) patients and control subjects using in vivo confocal microscopy (CM).

Design: Prospective, controlled, single-center study.

Participants: Twelve AKC patients (10 males, 2 females; mean age, 31.

OCT assessment of tear meniscus after punctal occlusion in dry eye disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the tear meniscus changes after punctal occlusion in dry eye patients using Visante optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a prospective controlled study.

Methods: Thirty eyes of 15 symptomatic dry eye patients not responding to non-preserved artificial tears received additional upper and lower punctal occlusion with silicone plugs, and 30 eyes of 15 age- and sex-matched dry eye control patients received only non-preserved artificial tears treatment for 1 month. All subjects underwent tear meniscus height (TMH) measurements with Visante OCT.

Age-related dysfunction of the lacrimal gland and oxidative stress: evidence from the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1) knockout mice.

An imbalance between free radical generation and radical scavenging antioxidant systems results in oxidative stress, which has been associated with cell injury observed in many age-related diseases. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is a major antioxidant system, and deficiency of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1) in mice leads to many different phenotypes that resemble accelerated aging. In this study we examined the morphologic features and the secretory functions of the lacrimal glands in Sod1(-/-) mice.

Corneal and retinal effects of ultraviolet-B exposure in a soft contact lens mouse model.

Purpose: To investigate the lipid and DNA oxidative stress as well as corneal and retinal effects after ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure in mice, with or without silicon hydrogel soft contact lenses (SCL).

Methods: Twenty-eight C57BL6-strain male mice were divided into four groups: group I, control group with no SCL (SCL [-]) and no UV-B exposure (UV-B [-]); group II, senofilcon A SCL (senofilcon [+]) with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]); group III, lotrafilcon A SCL (lotrafilcon [+]) with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]); and group IV, no SCL (SCL [-]), but with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]). All mice except group I received UV-B exposure for 5 days for a total dose of 2.

IgE and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as markers of severity in the diagnosis of atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

Aims: To evaluate tear and serum IgE and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as severity markers for atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).

Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with AKC and 10 eyes of 10 healthy control subjects were examined in this prospective study. All subjects underwent fluorescein staining, conjunctival injection, conjunctival oedema and papillary formation grading.

Morphologic evaluation of meibomian glands in chronic graft-versus-host disease using in vivo laser confocal microscopy.

Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes of the meibomian glands (MGs) using in vivo laser confocal microscopy (CM) in dry eye (DE) patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD).

Methods: Seventeen eyes from 9 patients with a diagnosis of DE associated with cGVHD (DE/cGVHD group; 6 males, 3 females; median 50.5 years) and 16 eyes of 8 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients without DE (non-DE/non-cGVHD group; 5 males, 3 females; median 47.

Effect of controlled adverse chamber environment exposure on tear functions in silicon hydrogel and hydrogel soft contact lens wearers.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the effect of controlled adverse chamber environment (CACE) exposure on tear function, including tear osmolarity, in subjects wearing narafilcon A versus those wearing etafilcon A soft contact lens (SCL).

Methods: Thirty-one healthy subjects with no history of contact lens wear (13 women, 18 men; average age, 30.5 ± 6.

The impact of contact lens wear and visual display terminal work on ocular surface and tear functions in office workers.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of contact lens (CL) wear and visual display terminal (VDT) work on the ocular surface and tear functions.

Design: Prospective case-control study.

Methods: Sixty-nine CL wearers (45 women and 24 men; mean age, 35.

The application of in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment responses in Mooren's ulcer.

Purpose: To evaluate the extent of corneal inflammation and the response to treatment in patients with Mooren's ulcer, by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 15 patients with Mooren's ulcer were enrolled in this prospective study. All subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations, IVCM, and conjunctival histopathologic examination of specimens in patients undergoing conjunctival excision.

Functional visual acuity after neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy in patients with posterior capsule opacification and good visual acuity preoperatively.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in functional visual acuity before and after neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy.

Setting: Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Design: Case series.

The efficacy, sensitivity, and specificity of strip meniscometry in conjunction with tear function tests in the assessment of tear meniscus.

Purpose: To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of strip meniscometry (SM) testing in conjunction with tear function tests in the diagnosis of dry eye (DE) disease and to investigate the effect of SM on reflex tearing.

Methods: One hundred seven left eyes of 107 patients with definite DE disease according to the Japanese DE diagnostic criteria and 68 left eyes of 68 age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. Tear meniscus height (TMH) measurements, fluorescein tear film break-up time (FTBUT), fluorescein (F) and rose bengal (RB) staining, and Schirmer's test-1 (ST) were also performed.