Statistical optimization of nZVI chemical synthesis approach towards P and NO removal from aqueous solutions: Cost-effectiveness & parametric effects.

This study aims to conduct statistical optimization of nZVI synthesis parameters towards the removal efficiency of phosphorus (P) and nitrate (NO), considering for the first time the cost-effectiveness index. The detailed statistical analysis was implemented to evaluate the main effects and interactions of eight synthesis parameters, including reductant concentration (R), reductant delivery rate (R), reductant liquid volume (R), pH, aging time (AG), mixing speed (M), temperature (T), and precursor concentration (P). Results revealed that the experimental optimization of the synthesis factors improved the removal efficiency of NO and P by 27 and 9%, respectively, with respect to that before the optimization.

Water conservation behavior: Exploring the role of social, psychological, and behavioral determinants.

Water conservation is vital to safeguard future water availability when natural resources like water become extremely scarce. It is fundamental to understand the significant determinants of water conservation activities which can also facilitate the implementation of appropriate policies for water demand management. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the important social, psychological, and behavioral factors of water conservation behavior.

Efficient treatment of ammonia-nitrogen contaminated waters by nano zero-valent iron/zeolite composite.

The aim of the present study is developing a magnetic nanoscale zero-valent iron/zeolite (nZVI/Z) composite towards the efficient removal of ammonia-nitrogen (NH-N) from aqueous solutions. Series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different factors on the removal efficiency, including pH effect, aerobic/anaerobic, NH-N initial concentration, and temperature. The mixing mass ratio of nZVI/Z was optimized to reach the optimal ratio (0.

Encapsulation of iron nanoparticles with magnesium hydroxide shell for remarkable removal of ciprofloxacin from contaminated water.

The rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistant genes (AMRs) in water resources is well correlated to the persistent occurrence of ciprofloxacin in water. For the first time, encapsulated nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) with a shell of magnesium hydroxide (Mg/Fe) was used to adsorb ciprofloxacin from water. Optimization of the removal conditions exhibited that 5% was the optimum mass ratio between magnesium hydroxide and nZVI [Mg(OH)/nZVI)] as more than 96% of 100 mg L of ciprofloxacin was removed.

Response surface methodology for strontium removal process optimization from contaminated water using zeolite nanocomposites.

The effective removal of strontium from polluted water is an emerging issue worldwide, especially in Japan, after the destruction of Fukushima's Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. In the strontium removal process, statistical optimization of associated factors is needed to reduce the quantity of chemicals and the number of experimental trials. In this study, response surface methodology based on the central composite design was employed for assessing the influence of different factors and their interaction effects on the efficiency of strontium removal.

Statistical techniques for the optimization of cesium removal from aqueous solutions onto iron-based nanoparticle-zeolite composites.

Statistical optimization of performance determining factors is essential for the development of a cesium removal system from aqueous solutions. Therefore, factorial experimental design and multiple regression techniques were employed to assess the primary and interaction effects of the pH, initial concentration, and contact time in the cesium removal process using nanoscale zero-valent iron-zeolite (nZVI-Z) and nano-Fe/Cu-zeolite (nFe/Cu-Z) as an adsorbent. The optimum region of cesium removal was identified by constructing a contour plot.

Multi-objective optimization of permeable reactive barrier design for Cr(VI) removal from groundwater.

The present study aims to develop a practical approach for the optimal permeable reactive barrier (PRB) design towards Cr(VI) removal from groundwater. Batch and column experiments were performed to investigate the characteristics of the four proposed reactive materials; nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe), bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe/Cu), activated carbon (AC) and sand/zeolite mixture (S/Z). Kinetic analysis and dynamic modeling of the experimental data were implemented to determine the controlling conditions of the reactive performance of the PRB's materials.

Magnetic zeolite synthesis for efficient removal of cesium in a lab-scale continuous treatment system.

Radioactive cesium was resealed to the environment as a result of many nuclear incidents. An effective treatment system is urgently needed to safely handle radioactive cesium-contaminated waters. Based on nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and zeolite, nine adsorbents were synthesized and applied to remove cesium from aqueous solutions.

Wastewater degradation by iron/copper nanoparticles and the microorganism growth rate.

Nowadays, trends in wastewater treatment by zero-valent iron (ZVI) were turned to use bimetallic NZVI particles by planting another metal onto the ZVI surface to increase its reactivity. Nano size zero-valent iron/copper (NZVI/Cu) bimetallic particles were synthesized in order to examine its toxicity effects on the wastewater microbial life, kinetics of phosphorus, ammonia stripping and the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Various concentrations of NZVI/Cu and operation conditions both aerobic and anaerobic were investigated and compared with pure NZVI experiment.

Performance of nanoscale zero-valent iron in nitrate reduction from water using a laboratory-scale continuous-flow system.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a versatile treatment reagent that should be utilized in an effective application for nitrate remediation in water. For this purpose, a laboratory-scale continuous-flow system (LSCFS) was developed to evaluate nZVI performance in removal of nitrate in different contaminated-water bodies. The equipment design (reactor, settler, and polisher) and operational parameters of the LSCFS were determined based on nZVI characterization and nitrate reduction kinetics.