The Association Between Plasma MicroRNA-451 Expression Levels and Chronic Kidney Disease in Children with β-Thalassemia Major.

Introduction: Patients with β -thalassemia major (β -TM) had a high rate of glomerular dysfunction due to chronic anemia, iron overload, and chelation therapy. There is also evidence of proximal tubular damage, as almost all patients have various amounts of proteinuria. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression.

Spectrum of NPHS1 and NPHS2 variants in egyptian children with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis: identification of six novel variants and founder effect.

The aim of this study is to screen for variants in NPHS1 and NPHS2, in a cohort of Egyptian children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS)/focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and compare the prevalence of such variants among other ethnic groups. The study included 25 patients: 21 children diagnosed clinically as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and confirmed as FSGS by renal biopsy and four patients diagnosed as congenital nephrotic syndrome with FSGS. Mutational analysis revealed nine NPHS2 and NPHS1 variants in 13/25 patients with a pathogenic variant detection rate of 52%.

Assessment of Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.

Background: Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at a greater risk of atherosclerosis due to recurrent exposures to hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and immunosuppressive medications. CIMT (carotid intima media thickness) is a reliable marker for assessment of atherosclerosis of large and medium-sized blood vessels; endothelial dysfunction and increased CIMT usually precede the development of cardiovascular diseases. Some manifestations of NS, like proteinuria and hyperlipidemia, are associated with an increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality.

Assessment of Interleukin-27 and Chemokine RANTES as Biomarkers for Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis.

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early diagnosis is a critical issue in determining treatment strategies. There is no single diagnostic test that can fulfill all requirements of the ideal biomarker yet.

Randomized controlled trial on immunomodulatory effects of azithromycin in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Our aim was to compare the immunomodulatory effects of AZM combined with steroid therapy with that of steroid therapy alone in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS).

Methods: We enrolled 57 patients with SDNS in a multicenter randomized control trial.

Transforming growth factor-β1 in children with diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that has numerous biological processes. Earlier research indicates that protein and mRNA production of TGF-β1 are enhanced in the renal tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our aim was to evaluate the role of TGF-β1 in early prediction of DN in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Behavioral changes in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome.

Introduction: Chronic illnesses, including nephrotic syndrome (NS), are associated with psychosocial stress. Our study aimed to assess psychological problems in children with NS.

Materials And Methods: Sixty children with NS were assessed at the Children Hospital, in Cairo for behavioral changes.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of piracetam on breath-holding spells.

Breath-holding spells (BHS) are apparently frightening events occurring in otherwise healthy children.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of piracetam in the treatment of breath-holding spells. Forty patients with BHS (who were classified into two groups)were involved in a double-blinded placebo-controlled prospective study.