Aleppo galls alleviate paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and tissue damage: an experimental study.

Background: Acute paracetamol toxicity is a common and potentially life-threatening emergency causing liver failure that may necessitate liver transplantation. Unfortunately, current therapies are still defective.

Objectives: To investigate the protective effects exerted by Aleppo galls (Quercus infectoria Olivier) extract against acute paracetamol toxicity in mice.

New prenylated flavonoid and neuroprotective compounds from subsp. .

Continuation of the phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of subsp. resulted in the isolation and structural elucidation of a new prenylated flavonoid demeapollinin (), glabratephrinol () and a mixture () of tephroapollin G () and -tephroapollin G (). The neuroprotective activity of compounds () besides the previously isolated compounds; dunensin (), pseudosemiglabrin (), glabratephrin (), apollinin (), kampferol 3, 7--α-L-dirhamnoside () and quercetin 3, 7--α-L-dirhamnoside () was examined.

Protective effects of Ajwa date extract against tissue damage induced by acute diclofenac toxicity.

Objectives: To investigate the tissue-protective effects of Ajwa date fruits (a Prophetic medicinal remedy) against acute diclofenac toxicity.

Methods: Albino Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to four experimental groups: a negative control group, an Ajwa-only group that received 2 g/kg of Ajwa date extract (ADE) orally, an acute diclofenac toxicity group that received 200 mg diclofenac once intraperitoneally, and a treatment group that received diclofenac and ADE after 4 h. Histological examinations of rat lung and liver tissues were performed.

New ent-kaurane diterpenoid dimer from Pulicaria inuloides.

A new naturally occurring ent-kaurane diterpenoid dimer, 15β, 15'β-oxybis (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid) (1) along with six known compounds, 15β-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2), 15β-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), 6-hydroxykaempferol-3, 7-dimethyl ether (4), quercetagetin 3, 7, 3'-trimethyl ether (5), β-sitosterol (6) and β-sitosterol glucoside (daucosterol) (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Pulicaria inuloides DC. Compounds 2-5 were isolated for the first time from genus Pulicaria. The structures of compounds 1-7 were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques in combination with ESI-MS.

Cucurbitane-type triterpenes with anti-proliferative effects on U937 cells from an egyptian natural medicine, Bryonia cretica: structures of new triterpene glycosides, bryoniaosides A and B.

The 90% aqueous ethanol extract of an Egyptian natural medicine, the roots of Bryonia cretica L., was found to exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human leukemia U937 cells. By bioassay-guided fractionation, we isolated two new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, bryoniaosides A and B, were isolated from the roots of Bryonia cretica L.

Dendrocyin: an isocucurbitacin with novel cyclic side chain from Dendrosicyos socotrana.

Dendrosicyos socotrana Balf.f. is a unique species (Cucurbitaceae) native to Socotra island in the horn of Africa.

New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.

The 80% aqueous methanolic extract from the bulbs of Crinum yemense showed a potent inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Three new crinine-type alkaloids, yemenines A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from the herbal extract together with six known alkaloids. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.

Cytotoxic hydroazulene diterpenes from the brown alga Cystoseira myrica.

Cytotoxicity-guided fractionation of the alcohol extract of the brown alga, Cystoseira myrica, afforded four new cytotoxic hydroazulene diterpenes, dictyone acetate (2), dictyol F monoacetate (4), isodictytriol monoacetate (6), and cystoseirol monoacetate (8), together with two known cytotoxic hydroazulene diterpenes, pachydictyol A (1) and dictyone (3). The constitution of each isolated compound has been determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

New erythroxane-type diterpenoids from Fagonia boveana (Hadidi) Hadidi & Graf.

The aerial parts of Fagonia boveana afforded two new erythroxane-type diterpenes, 3beta,15,16-trihydroxy-erythrox-4(18)-ene (2) and 15,16-dihydroxy-cis-ent-erythrox-3-ene (fagonene) (3) together with two known ones; 16-O-acetylfagonone (1) and 7beta-hydroxy fagonene (8). Also a new guaiane sesquiterpene alcohol, 6,10-epoxy-4alpha-hydroxy guaiane type sesquiterpene (4) has been isolated. In addition three 8-methoxy flavonols, 8-methoxy-quercetin-3,7,3'-trimethyl ether (ternatin) (5), gossypetin, 3,8,3',4' tetramethyl ether (6) and herbacetin-3,8-dimethyl ether (7) were also isolated.

Cytotoxic hydroazulene diterpenes from the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma.

Two new hydroazulenoid (prenyl guaiane) diterpenes, dictyone acetate (2) and 3,4-epoxy 13-hydroxy pachydictyol A (4) were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of the alcoholic extract of the brown alga, Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux, which was collected from the Red Sea coasts at Hurgada, Egypt, together with three known ones, pachydictyol A (1), dictyone (3) and 11-hydroxypachydictyol A (dictyol E) (5). In addition, the steroidal compound, stigmasta-5,(E)-24(28)-dien-3-beta-ol (fucosterol) (6) was also isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds have been determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences as well as physical and chemical correlation with known compounds.

Fern constituents: triterpenoids from Adiantum capillus-veneris.

Two new migrated hopane triterpenoids, viz. 4alpha-hydroxyfilican-3-one and fern-9(11)-en-12beta-ol, and olean-18-en-3-one and olean-12-en-3-one as the first example of oleanane compounds from Adiantum ferns were isolated along with many other known triterpenoids from Adiantum capillus-veneris of China and Egypt. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses.