Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan.

Background: Malaria vector control activities in Sudan rely largely on Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and Larval Source Management (LSM). The present study attempted to determine cost effectiveness of inputs and operations of vector control interventions applied in different environmental settings in central and eastern Sudan, as well as their impact.

Methods: The inputs utilized and cost of each vector control activity, operational achievements and impact of the applied malaria vector control activities; IRS, LLINs and LSM were determined for eight sites in Al Gazira state (central Sudan) and Al Gadarif state (eastern Sudan).

Comparing The Effects of Botulinum toxin-A and multiple surgical parasympathectomy on treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease with a recent increasing in prevalence. Traditional treatment strategies of AR, sometimes, show limited effectiveness and side effects. Intranasal injection of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and multiple postganglionic parasympathectomy of pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) are among the increasingly used alternative treatment options of AR.

Nanoemulsions containing some plant essential oils as promising formulations against Culex pipiens (L.) larvae and their biochemical studies.

The chemical composition of cypress, lavender, lemon eucalyptus, and tea tree oils has been investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These oils were tested for larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens alongside their nanoemulsions (NEs) and conventional emulsifiable concentrates (ECs). Oil-in-water (O/W) NEs preparation was based on a high-energy ultra-sonication technique.

Enhanced mosquitocidal efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides by nanometric emulsion preparation towards Culex pipiens larvae with biochemical and molecular docking studies.

Background: The growing threat of vector-borne diseases and environmental pollution with conventional pesticides has led to the search for nanotechnology applications to prepare alternative products.

Methods: In the current study, four pyrethroid insecticides include alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin were incorporated into stable nanoemulsions. The optimization of nanoemulsions is designed based on the active ingredient, solvent, surfactant, sonication time, sonication cycle, and sonication energy by factorial analysis.

Impact of habitual marijuana and tobacco smoke on severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Purpose: Health concerns around cannabis (marijuana) use have focused on the possible relationship with psychosis and lower airway health, however; the effect of cannabis smoking on upper airway health has received less attention. The aim of this study is to investigate difference between exclusive tobacco cigarettes smoking compared with tobacco plus cannabis smoking regarding severity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Material And Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with two groups of CRS patients recruited (Group 1: tobacco cigarettes smokers; 100 patients and group 2: tobacco cigarettes smokers and also cannabis users; 100 patients).

Pulmonary Function of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Impact of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare pulmonary function tests (PFTs) among control subjects and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to investigate the outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on PFTs among patients with CRS.

Study Design: Prospective study conducted from June 2015 to June 2016.

Setting: Tertiary referral hospital.

Association between exposure to pesticides and disorder on hematological parameters and kidney function in male agricultural workers.

Pesticides occupy a critical position among many chemicals to which man can be exposed; their diffusion into the environment causes killing and damaging of some forms of life. The lack of highly selective pesticide action represents risk both for man and other desirable forms of life present in the environment. The present study was designed to evaluate the relation between exposure to pesticides and disorder on hematological parameters and kidney function of male agricultural workers with the mean age 37.

Setting Foundations for Developing Disaster Response Metrics.

There are few reported efforts to define universal disaster response performance measures. Careful examination of responses to past disasters can inform the development of such measures. As a first step toward this goal, we conducted a literature review to identify key factors in responses to 3 recent events with significant loss of human life and economic impact: the 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami; and the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Preparation of Ecofriendly Formulations Containing Biologically Active Monoterpenes with Their Fumigant and Residual Toxicities against Adults of .

Different mixtures of monoterpenes (ketone, alcohol, and alkene) were loaded on paper discs and wax and their knockdown activities were evaluated against adults. Some individual monoterpenes were also evaluated by residual toxicity technique. Citronella oil as a reference was also loaded separately or in combination with monoterpenes on paper discs and wax.

Evaluation of released malathion and spinosad from chitosan/alginate/gelatin capsules against larvae.

Efficacy of spinosad and malathion loaded in eco-friendly biodegradable formulations was evaluated for controlling larvae. Malathion (organophosphorus larvicide) and spinosad (naturally derived insecticide) were loaded on chitosan/alginate/gelatin capsules. Capsules were characterized by size measurement, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and water uptake.

Topical mitomycin C as an adjunct to surgical debulking and medical treatment in rhinoscleroma.

Background: Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granuloma that is endemic in Egypt and is caused by gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis). The nasal mucosa is affected in almost all cases, which causes nasal obstruction, anosmia, and epistaxis. The disease usually passes through an atrophic stage (atrophic rhinitis) and a granulomatous stage before ending in the fibrotic stage, with possible bone destruction.

Topical mitomycin C as an adjunct to surgical debulking and medical treatment in rhinoscleroma.

Background: Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granuloma that is endemic in Egypt and is caused by gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis). The nasal mucosa is affected in almost all cases, which causes nasal obstruction, anosmia, and epistaxis. The disease usually passes through an atrophic stage (atrophic rhinitis) and a granulomatous stage before ending in the fibrotic stage, with possible bone destruction.

Endoscopic type 1 tympanoplasty in pediatric patients using tragal cartilage.

Importance: The main objective in the treatment of chronic otitis media is to relieve drainage and to rehabilitate hearing. Various materials can be used to repair the tympanic membrane (TM) through different tympanoplasty techniques.

Objective: To assess the results of endoscopic type I tympanoplasty in pediatric patients using tragal cartilage as a grafting material.

The value of intranasal splints after partial inferior turbinectomy.

To assess the value of using the intranasal septal splint after partial inferior turbinectomy (PIT) surgery. Prospective, randomized comparative study. The study was conducted over a period of 2 years from January 2012 to January 2014 at Minia University hospital, Minia, Egypt.

Sinonasal outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery in asthmatic patients with nasal polyps: a difference between aspirin-tolerant and aspirin-induced asthma?

Objectives/hypothesis: Aspirin-sensitivity, asthma, and nasal polyposis (NP) comprise the clinical entity of Samter's triad. The aim of this study is to report the sinonasal outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in treating NP in asthmatic patients, comparing aspirin-induced asthmatic (AIA) patients with aspirin-tolerant asthmatics (ATA).

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Asthma outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery in aspirin-tolerant versus aspirin-induced asthmatic patients.

Background: Certain diseases affect both upper and lower airways. Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) is a clinical entity characterized by asthma, nasal polyposis, and aspirin intolerance. To understand the response of the lower airway to surgical treatment of the sinuses, we examined asthma outcomes in AIA compared with a second group of aspirin-tolerant asthmatic (ATA) patients to establish if there were any differences between the two groups after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).