Challenges in the Management of Invasive Fungal Infections in the Middle East: Expert Opinion to Optimize Management Using a Multidisciplinary Approach.

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is a significant global healthcare concern among critically ill and immunocompromised patients. In Middle Eastern countries, IFI has been steadily increasing among hospitalized patients in the past two decades. Diagnosis of IFI at an early stage is crucial for efficient management.

Virologic failure after 48 weeks of raltegravir-based regimen in low HIV-1 incidence setting.

Background: With the advent of next generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors, the rates of virologic failure in treated subjects are expected to decrease. In this study, we analyzed the mutation patterns leading to virologic failure before and after starting integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen as first-line or salvage therapy.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, blood samples were received from 258 patients with HIV-1 infection.

Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients in Kuwait.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of nonpolymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAM) in HIV-1 patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Kuwait.

Subjects And Methods: Total RNA was isolated from plasma samples of 42 patients who received a first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen. HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genetic regions were then amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced.

Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance profile among treatment-naïve people in Kuwait.

Mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral therapy are a major cause of failure to treatment, and surveillance for the emergence of HIV resistance became a component of all antiretroviral treatment programs. As transmission of resistant viruses to newly infected persons is possible, we aimed to determine the prevalence of primary mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among treatment-naïve patients, with respect to HIV subtype. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma samples of 43 treatment-naïve patients.

Ciprofloxacin treatment failure in a case of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

This report describes a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure in a patient with enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A. The organism was isolated from a blood culture from a patient who was treated with oral ciprofloxacin (500 mg every 12 h) for 13 days. The organism showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.