Exploring the Roles of Vitamins C and D and Etifoxine in Combination with Citalopram in Depression/Anxiety Model: A Focus on ICAM-1, SIRT1 and Nitric Oxide.

The study of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family with nitric oxide (NO), is emerging in depression and anxiety. As with all antidepressants, the efficacy is delayed and inconsistent. Ascorbic acid (AA) and vitamin D (D) showed antidepressant properties, while etifoxine (Etx), a GABAA agonist, alleviates anxiety symptoms.

Obesity blunts insulin sensitivity improvements and attenuates strength gains following resistance training in nondiabetic men.

Purpose: Impaired insulin sensitivity is central in the etiology of type 2 diabetes in people with obesity. The effectiveness of resistance training (RE) alone in improving insulin sensitivity in people with obesity is undetermined. This study aimed to determine the influence of obesity on insulin sensitivity responses to RE.

Investigating the fate and toxicity of green synthesized gold nanoparticles in albino mice.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the acute and chronic adverse effects of ∼50 nm (nanometer) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using leaf extract in mice.

Significance: AuNPs have shown promise for medical applications, but their safety and biocompatibility need to be addressed. Understanding the potential adverse effects of AuNPs is crucial to ensure their safe use in medical applications.

Obesity Paradox among Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background and Objectives: There is consensus on the negative effects of obesity on the development of heart failure. However, several studies have suggested that obesity may have paradoxical survival benefits in heart failure patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the obesity paradox exists in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients in Jordan.

Synergistic Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol and Diet on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.

Introduction: Despite decades of research, obesity and its related medical complications remain a major health concern globally. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to combat obesity and its numerous debilitating complications. Resveratrol (RES) has a potential therapeutic effect in obesity and diabetes by improving oxidative metabolism and insulin signaling.

Effect of Estrogen and Progesterone Hormones on the Expression of Angiotensin II Receptors in the Heart and Aorta of Male Rats.

Background: Activation of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease, while activation of Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) leads to effects that are opposite to those mediated by AT1R. The interaction between female sex hormones and the renin-angiotensin system was proven to play an essential role in the pathological changes in the cardiovascular system.

Objectives: To investigate the direct effect of estrogen and progesterone on arterial and cardiac AT1R and AT2R expression in vivo in male.

Malonyl CoA Decarboxylase Inhibition Improves Cardiac Function Post-Myocardial Infarction.

Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism after a myocardial infarction contribute to the severity of heart failure (HF). Although fatty acid oxidation can be impaired in HF, it is unclear if stimulating fatty acid oxidation is a desirable approach to treat HF. Both immediate and chronic malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase inhibition, which decreases fatty acid oxidation, improved cardiac function through enhancing cardiac efficiency in a post-myocardial infarction rat that underwent permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation.

The Effect of Long-Term Second-Generation Antipsychotics Use on the Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Jordanian Population.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). In this retrospective study, we reviewed patients' electronic medical records (EMRs) of all patients who received one SGA for at least six months, excluding patients who were taking other medications that are associated with significant effect on metabolic syndrome. Relevant clinical information was collected prior to starting the SGA and after six months of continuous use of the same SGA.

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Ziziphus zizyphus and their Antimicrobial Activity.

(1) Background: There is a growing need for the development of new methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The interest in such particles has raised concerns about the environmental safety of their production methods; (2) Objectives: The current methods of nanoparticle production are often expensive and employ chemicals that are potentially harmful to the environment, which calls for the development of "greener" protocols. Herein we describe the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts, which offers an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method to produce well-defined geometries of nanoparticles; (3) Methods: The phytochemicals present in the aqueous leaf extract acted as an effective reducing agent.

MicroRNAs 33, 122, and 208: a potential novel targets in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and heart-related diseases.

Despite decades of research, obesity and diabetes remain major health problems in the USA and worldwide. Among the many complications associated with diabetes is an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as important players in heart disease and energy regulation.

Acetylation and succinylation contribute to maturational alterations in energy metabolism in the newborn heart.

Dramatic maturational changes in cardiac energy metabolism occur in the newborn period, with a shift from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation. Acetylation and succinylation of lysyl residues are novel posttranslational modifications involved in the control of cardiac energy metabolism. We investigated the impact of changes in protein acetylation/succinylation on the maturational changes in energy metabolism of 1-, 7-, and 21-day-old rabbit hearts.

Tolerance to ischaemic injury in remodelled mouse hearts: less ischaemic glycogenolysis and preserved metabolic efficiency.

Aims: Post-infarction remodelled failing hearts have reduced metabolic efficiency. Paradoxically, they have increased tolerance to further ischaemic injury. This study was designed to investigate the metabolic mechanisms that may contribute to this phenomenon and to examine the relationship between ischaemic tolerance and metabolic efficiency during post-ischaemic reperfusion.

Lowering body weight in obese mice with diastolic heart failure improves cardiac insulin sensitivity and function: implications for the obesity paradox.

Recent studies suggest improved outcomes and survival in obese heart failure patients (i.e., the obesity paradox), although obesity and heart failure unfavorably alter cardiac function and metabolism.

Role of CoA and acetyl-CoA in regulating cardiac fatty acid and glucose oxidation.

CoA (coenzyme A) and its derivatives have a critical role in regulating cardiac energy metabolism. This includes a key role as a substrate and product in the energy metabolic pathways, as well as serving as an allosteric regulator of cardiac energy metabolism. In addition, the CoA ester malonyl-CoA has an important role in regulating fatty acid oxidation, secondary to inhibiting CPT (carnitine palmitoyltransferase) 1, a key enzyme involved in mitochondrial fatty acid uptake.

Obesity-induced lysine acetylation increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation and impairs insulin signalling.

Aims: Lysine acetylation is a novel post-translational pathway that regulates the activities of enzymes involved in both fatty acid and glucose metabolism. We examined whether lysine acetylation controls heart glucose and fatty acid oxidation in high-fat diet (HFD) obese and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice.

Methods And Results: C57BL/6 mice were placed on either a HFD (60% fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD; 4% fat) for 16 or 18 weeks.

Angiotensin 1-7 mediates renoprotection against diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipotoxicity.

The renin-angiotensin system, especially angiotensin II (ANG II), plays a key role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. ANG 1-7 has counteracting effects on ANG II and is known to exert beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy. We studied the mechanism of ANG 1-7-induced beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice.

Angiotensin 1-7 ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy and diastolic dysfunction in db/db mice by reducing lipotoxicity and inflammation.

Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang 1-7)/MasR (Mas receptor) axis are emerging as a key pathway that can modulate the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We studied the effects of Ang 1-7 on diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db diabetic mice to elucidate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action.

Methods And Results: Ang 1-7 was administered to 5-month-old male db/db mice for 28 days via implanted micro-osmotic pumps.

ANG II causes insulin resistance and induces cardiac metabolic switch and inefficiency: a critical role of PDK4.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may alter cardiac energy metabolism in heart failure. Angiotensin II (ANG II), the main effector of the RAS in heart failure, has emerged as an important regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and energy metabolism. We studied the metabolic perturbations and insulin response in an ANG II-induced hypertrophy model.