ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Outcomes: Recommendations from the 2024 Egyptian Cardiology Expert Consensus in Collaboration with the CVREP Foundation.

Introduction: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a pivotal role in regulating blood pressure (BP), with dysregulation of RAAS resulting in hypertension and potentially heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), cardio-renal syndrome, and stroke. RAAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), have advantages beyond BP control. However, differences between these two drug classes need to be considered when choosing a therapy for preventing cardiovascular events.

The impact of discontinuation of sacubitril-valsartan and shifting to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Objective: Many trials confirmed the role of sacubitril-valsartan in the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, there is no sufficient data to register the effect of compulsory discontinuation of sacubitril-valsartan, either because of finan-cial shortage or adverse effects, and shifting to the standard therapy, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB).

Methods: The patients with HFrEF (LVEF ≤35%) were included in the study.

The Safety of The Directly Acting Antiviral Treatment For Hepatitis C Virus According To The Egyptian National Program Protocol In Patients With Midrange Ejection Fraction.

Background: The Egyptian National Committee of Viral Hepatitis program is the leading national hepatitis C virus (HCV) management program globally. However, limited data is available about the effect of the new directly acting antiviral agents on the cardiovascular system.

Objectives: Our study aimed to assess the safety of the relatively new directly acting antiviral agents approved by the National Health Committee in Egypt to treat patients infected with hepatitis C virus who have midrange left ventricular ejection fraction.

The safety of Ramadan Fasting following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: This work aimed to assess the safety of Ramadan Fasting following the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Methods: In our two centers' Prospective Cohort Study, We included 303 patients who had successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention before the first day of Ramadan. We advised the patients that recent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention could be a valid excuse for not fulfilling Ramadan Fasting.

Myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission tomography (MPI SPECT) versus Instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) for assessment of functional significance of intermediate coronary artery lesions.

Background: The aim of our work was to compare the myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission tomography (MPI-SPECT) as a non-invasive, relatively non-expensive test versus the instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) for the evaluation of functional significance of the borderline coronary artery lesions in the view of results of fractional flow reserve (FFR) which is considered the gold standard reference test.

Results: Our study was conducted in the Cardiology Department. It included 50 patients with borderline coronary artery lesions; they underwent physiological evaluation by stress/rest myocardial perfusion imaging using followed by an invasive physiological assessment by Instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) and Fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Arthrodiatasis for the treatment of Perthes' disease.

It is hypothesized that the interruption of the blood supply is an important factor causing femoral head osteonecrosis in the early stages of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Currently, treatment by containment is recommended to direct and guide remodeling of the softened femoral head as it evolves from fragmentation through ossification. The goal of this study was to show the results of arthrodiatasis to induce height recovery of the femoral head and to achieve true ambulatory nonweight-bearing containment.