Serial single-cell RNA sequencing unveils drug resistance and metastatic traits in stage IV breast cancer.

Metastasis is a complex process that remains poorly understood at the molecular levels. We profiled single-cell transcriptomic, genomic, and epigenomic changes associated with cancer cell progression, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis from a Stage IV breast cancer patient. Pretreatment- and posttreatment-specimens from the primary tumor and distant metastases were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and subsequent cell clustering, copy number variation (CNV) estimation, transcriptomic factor estimation, and pseudotime analyses.

Alterations in Body Weight and Composition in Patients With Graves' Disease Treated with Total Thyroidectomy.

Objective: Thyrotoxicosis causes excess energy expenditure, resulting in weight loss, despite increased appetite, and changes in body composition, which are typically reversible with the normalization of thyroid hormone levels. However, patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease are sometimes hesitant to undergo treatment because of the perceived morbidity associated with weight gain. Therefore, obtaining data to explain the details of such weight gain to these patients is important.

Overall survival in Japanese patients with ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer treated with first-line palbociclib plus letrozole.

Background: An open-label, single-arm, Japanese phase 2 study (J-Ph2) investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line (1L) palbociclib (PAL) + letrozole (LET) in postmenopausal Japanese women with ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC). In the final analysis, median progression-free survival was 35.7 months (95% CI 21.

Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are important in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic T cells produce cytokines and cytotoxic factors, such as perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis by damaging target cells. To identify biomarkers of these cells, we investigated granzyme B (GZMB) in the tumor microenvironment as a biomarker of treatment response and prognosis in 230 patients with primary TNBC who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014.

Chromatin conformational changes at human satellite II contribute to the senescence phenotype in the tumor microenvironment.

Cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment promote cancer progression. Although cellular senescence has been shown to induce changes in the higher-order chromatin structure and abnormal transcription of repetitive elements in the genome, the functional significance of these changes is unclear. In this study, we examined the human satellite II (hSATII) loci in the pericentromere to understand these changes and their functional significance.

Effectiveness and tasks of breast MRI surveillance for high-risk women with cancer susceptibility genes other than BRCA1/2: a single institution study.

Background: In Japan, with the introduction of multigene panel testing, there is an urgent need to build a new medical system for hereditary breast cancer patients that covers pathogenic variants other than BRCA1/2. The aim of this study was to reveal the current status of breast MRI surveillance for high-risk breast cancer susceptibility genes other than BRCA1/2 and the characteristics of detected breast cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 42 breast MRI surveillance with contrast performed on patients with hereditary tumors other than BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants at our hospital from 2017 to 2021.

Transcriptomic intratumor heterogeneity of breast cancer patient-derived organoids may reflect the unique biological features of the tumor of origin.

Background: The intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of cancer cells plays an important role in breast cancer resistance and recurrence. To develop better therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ITH and their functional significance. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have recently been utilized in cancer research.

Chromatin profile-based identification of a novel ER-positive breast cancer subgroup with reduced ER-responsive element accessibility.

Background: Oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling-dependent cancer cell growth is one of the major features of ER-positive breast cancer (BC). Inhibition of ER function is a standard and effective treatment for ER-positive tumours; however, ~20% of patients with ER-positive BC experience early or late recurrence. In this study, we examined intertumour heterogeneity from an epigenetic perspective based on the hypothesis that the intrinsic difference in epigenetic states around ER signalling pathway underlies endocrine therapy resistance.

Clinical significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in oligometastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: This study investigated the clinical impact of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on survival in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: We collected data from 397 patients who underwent primary breast surgery from 2004 to 2015 and developed recurrence during the follow-up. We reviewed the images and clinical information and defined OMD according to the European Society for Medical Oncology advanced breast cancer guidelines.

Hypertriton Production in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV.

The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of _{Λ}^{3}H in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV is presented in this Letter.

An evaluation of lymphovascular invasion in relation to biology and prognosis according to subtypes in invasive breast cancer.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is associated with a poor outcome in breast cancer. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of LVI in primary breast cancer and to investigate disease-free survival as a prognostic marker according to the breast cancer subtypes. This study examined 4,652 consecutive cases of invasive breast cancer excluding the patients with non-invasive cancer, stage IV and those who underwent neo-adjuvant therapy from February 2002 to February 2021.

GRHL2 motif is associated with intratumor heterogeneity of cis-regulatory elements in luminal breast cancer.

In breast cancer patients, tumor heterogeneity is associated with prognosis and therapeutic response; however, the epigenetic diversity that exists in primary tumors remains unknown. Using a single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq), we obtained the chromatin accessibility profiles of 12,452 cells from 16 breast cancer patients including 11 luminal, 1 luminal-HER2, 1 HER2, and 3 triple-negative subtypes. Via this profiling process, tumors were classified into cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, highlighting the heterogeneity of disease-related pathways including estrogen receptor (ER) signaling.

Polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=5.02 TeV.

The polarization of the Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam (z) direction, P_{z}, has been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV recorded with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main contribution to P_{z} comes from elliptic flow-induced vorticity and can be characterized by the second Fourier sine coefficient P_{z,s2}=⟨P_{z}sin(2φ-2Ψ_{2})⟩, where φ is the hyperon azimuthal emission angle and Ψ_{2} is the elliptic flow plane angle.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer which lacks hormone receptor (HR) expression and HER2 gene amplification and is the most aggressive subtype, with a heterogeneous genetic profile. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of menopausal status in breast cancer cases with TNBC.

Methods: Primary breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were enrolled in this retrospective study.

The ELEANOR noncoding RNA expression contributes to cancer dormancy and predicts late recurrence of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

The recurrence risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer remains high for a long period of time, unlike other types of cancer. Late recurrence reflects the ability of cancer cells to remain dormant through various events, including cancer stemness acquisition, but the detailed mechanism is unknown. ESR1 locus enhancing and activating noncoding RNAs (ELEANORS) are a cluster of nuclear noncoding RNAs originally identified in a recurrent breast cancer cell model.

Measurement of Prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. This is the first measurement of Σ_{c}^{0,++} production in hadronic collisions.

Measurement of the Cross Sections of Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The p_{T}-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ_{c}^{0} baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}) and the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}) channels.