[Sex dimorphism of neuron-glia correlations in the frontal areas of the human brain].

In the series of frontal 20 microm thick paraffin sections, stained using Nissl's cresyl violet method, frontal areas 8, 10, 12, 47 were studied. The important parameters of neuronal functional and metabolic activity--total density of pyramidal neuron distribution (N), the density of satellite gliocyte distribution (SG), the density of the distribution of the neurons, surrounded by satellite glia (NS) as well as the neuron-glia index (NS/N)--were calculated in the cortical layers III and V, areas 8, 10, 12, 47 in both left and right hemispheres in 0.001 mm3 of brain substance.

[The neuronal-glial correlations in areas of the frontal area of the brain in children at different stages of life].

Density of location of all the pyramid neurons (N), satellite glia (SG) and neurons surrounded by it (NS) in brain cortex fields 8 and 47 was studied by cytoarchitectonic and qualitative methods using MBI-3 microscope, Continuous growth of number of NS, SG and NS/N, the important parameters of neuronal activity, was established. This process is irregular. It lowers and intensifies at 2 "crucial" periods of ontogenesis, where difference in neuron activity between fields is most distinct.

[The cytoarchitectonic characteristics of the frontal fields of the brain in gifted people].

Frontal area fields 8 and 47 were studied in gifted people of different age using series of frontal paraffin slices. Neuronal parameters were detected. Density of localization was determined in neurons and gliocytes including perineuronal ones and also in lipofuscin, containing neurons and those surrounded with satellite gliocytes.

[The problem of the individual variability of the human brain].

Series of frontal sections, 20 microns thick, were used to study the individual cytoglio-architectonic features of fields 8.8, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47 of the caudate nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, Meynert's nucleus in 12 persons aged 29 to 89 years. The profile fields of neurons, their density and the density of gliocytes, including perineuronal ones were measured by computed morphometry, the cellular composition was determined from size of neurons, as well as the neuroglial and neuroperineuronal indices were defined.

[Fronto-striatal correlations in normal and pathologic aging of the human brain].

In psychically healthy persons of three age groups (30-40, 50-60, 80-90 years), as well as in those suffering from Alzheimer's disease (50-60 years) right and left hemispheres formations, including into a single functional system (fields 8, 10, 47 and the nucleus caudatus) have been investigated. Using the series of frontal paraffin sections 20 mcm thick, stained after Nissl and Bielschowsky methods, cyto-glioarchitectonics and neuronal composition of the structures mentioned have been studied. In 0.

[Neurono-glial ratios in the frontal cortex of the human cerebrum in normal and pathologic aging (Alzheimer's disease)].

Structural organization of the frontal area cortex (fields 8 and 47) in the left and right cerebral hemispheres has been studied cytoarchitectonically in mentally sound and sick persons of various age groups (34-40, 50-60 and 80-90 years). In sections 20 mcm thick, stained with cresyl-violet, in 0.001 mm3 of the cerebral substance (layers III and V) arrangement density is estimated for all pyramidal neurons, for all gliocytes, neurons surrounded with satellite glia and separately for perineuronal gliocytes, as well as per cent ratio of all the parameters obtained.

[Various patterns in structural changes in the cortex and subcortical structures of the human brain during the aging process].

The authors examined the structural organization of cortical and subcortical formations (fields 4, 6, 8, 44, 47, 39, the head of the caudate nucleus and thalamic nuclei) of the right and left hemispheres of the brain of 6 mentally normal subjects aged 30 to 90 years. In sections 20 millimicron thick and stained by Nissl's method the authors measured the density of neurons in subcortical nuclei, in layers III and V of the cortical fields, as well as the number of neurons containing lipofuscin. The identified characteristics indicate heterochronicity of the process of ageing in different portions of the brain: motor and, particularly, cortical structures are involved in this process earlier and more intensively than others.

[Cytoarchitectonics of the frontal area fields of the cerebral cortex in the hamadryas baboon and the rhesus macaque in ontogeny].

Structural organization of the fields 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47, 44 + 45 + 46 has been studied in Papio hamadryas and in Macaca rhesus during pre- and postnatal periods of development. Volumes of the fields, size of the cells, thickness of the cortex and its layers have been defined. Not only certain similarities, but some essential differences have been revealed in the development of the fields mentioned.

[Morphologic criteria of the structural asymmetry of the cortical and subcortical structures of the human brain].

Using a cytoarchitectonic and quantitative methods, the authors investigated the structural organization of Fields 4, 6, 8, 39, 40, 43, 46, 47, caudate and dorsomedial nuclei of the tuber cinereum in the right and the left cerebral hemispheres in a grown-up right-handed man. With the help of electron computers definite parameters of neurons in the cortex (layers III and V) and in the subcortical nuclei were determined. The material obtained was statistically processed.

[Morphological criteria of the individual variability of the human brain].

Structural organization of the layers III and V in the cortical fields (speech area, motoring, frontal inferior parietal) of the cerebral hemispheres and the nucleus caudatus have been quantitatively studied in 4 human beings. By means of a computer, area of profile fields of neurons, total volume of all the neurons and glyocytes in the histological section (total volumetric fraction of the neurons and glia) have been calculated, as well as percentage of the neurons having various size. The material is statistically treated.

[Structural organization of caudate-frontal relationships in lower monkeys].

Cellular structure of the caudate nuclei has been studied in intact monkeys (Macaca rhesus and Papio hamadryas) after bilateral extirpation of the frontal area fields. Methods of retrograde cellular degeneration and quantitative analysis with application of the computer "Klassimat" have been used. Only in one macaca operated on, the frontal premotor and motor fields have been removed, in other monkeys the frontal fields have been predominantly removed.

[Fronto-striate relationships in primate ontogeny].

A comparative investigation on the development of fields in the brain cortical frontal area and in the caudate nucleus was performed in pre- and postnatal life of the monkey and the man. Cyto- and myeloarchitectonics and quantitative methods were applied. Volumes of fields 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47, complex of fields 44+45+56 and the caudate nucleus were measured, the size of neuronal bodies was determined.

[Comparison of the field formation in the frontal area during prenatal period in Macaca (Macacus rhesus, S. Macaca mulatta) and man].

A developmental comparison of the fields 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47 during prenatal life in macacus rhesus and man was performed. Cytomyeloarchitectonic and morphometric methods of investigation were applied: the areas of the fields in question, the transverse thickness of the cortex, separate cortical layers, neuronal dimentions were measured. Alongside, general regularities in the development of these fields in both species (the frontal cortex is laid earlier than other parts of the cortex, the terms of the field differentiation coincide, uneven development of the fields with different phylogenic origin) some important differences are demonstrated.

[Comparative study of formation of the frontal cortex of the brain of monkeys and man in ontogenesis].

The development of the fields of the frontal zone (8, 3, 10, 11, 12) were compared in the pre- and postnatal periods oflife in the nacaque-rhesus and man. The cyto-mielcarchitectonical and guantitative methods wereused. The square surfaces of the above fields were measured, their per cent ratios to thesquare surface of all the cortex, new cortex and frontal zone were calculated.