The therapeutic potential of L. hydroalcoholic extract and rosmarinic acid in a rat asthmatic model: A study on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Objective: The article studies how L. extract and rosmarinic acid (RA) affect lung inflammation, pathology, and oxidative stress in rats with ovalbumin-induced asthma.

Materials And Methods: Asthma was induced in rats using ovalbumin injection and inhalation.

Comparing the synaptic potentiation in schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in dorsal and intermediate regions of the hippocampus in normal and kindled rats.

There is growing evidence that the hippocampus comprises diverse neural circuits that exhibit longitudinal variation in their properties, however, the intermediate region of the hippocampus has received comparatively little attention. Therefore, this study was designed to compared short- and long-term synaptic plasticity between the dorsal and intermediate regions of the hippocampus in normal and PTZ-kindled rats. Short-term plasticity was assessed by measuring the ratio of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials' (fEPSPs) slope in response to paired-pulse stimulation at three different inter-pulse intervals (20, 80, and 160 ms), while long-term plasticity was assessed using primed burst stimulation (PBS).

Nanoselenium attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Using selenium (Se) nanoparticles has received attention in recent years because of their therapeutic benefits due to their anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. This research was conducted to evaluate the possible protective impact of nano-Se on renal unilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury (uIRI) in adult male Wistar rats. Using clamping of the left renal pedicle within 45 min uIRI was induced.

Sericin improves memory and sociability impairments evoked by transient global cerebral ischemia through suppression of hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Sericin (Ser) is a natural neuroactive macromolecule with diverse pharmacological properties, and our previous findings have shown its neuroprotective potentials. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Ser on cognitive dysfunction induced by transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (tGI/R) and its mechanism of action. The tGI/R was induced in BALB/c mice by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for two 5 min followed by a 10-min reperfusion period.

Downregulation of Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Seed Extract.

Background: Apoptosis is proposed as a possible mechanism for diabetes-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Numerous studies have suggested that the therapeutic properties of plants, such as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic, are effective in improving the complications of diabetes in the hippocampus.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic properties of () in the brain hippocampal cells of diabetic rats.

Comparative effects of thymol and vitamin E on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male Wistar rats.

Following the obesity epidemics, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown in prevalence and become a main cause of morbidity and death, intimately linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cirrhosis. The key factor in the evolution of NAFLD is thought to be oxidative stress. Because most patients cannot change their lifestyle or dietary habits, a pharmaceutical strategy is now required to treat NAFLD.

Blockade of the orexin receptors in the ventral tegmental area could attenuate the stress-induced analgesia: A behavioral and molecular study.

Exposure to stressful stimuli induces various physiological and behavioral responses, affects pain perception, and alters gene expression. Stress elicits an analgesic effect in laboratory animals, termed the "stress-induced analgesia" (SIA). Orexin neuropeptides, processed from pre-pro-orexin in the hypothalamus, release during stress and are known to be antinociceptive.

Minocycline Enhance the Restorative Ability of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells by the Upregulation of BDNF and GDNF Expression After Spinal Cord Injury.

Introduction: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a global public health issue that results in extensive neuronal degeneration, axonal and myelin loss, and severe functional deficits. Neurotrophic factors are a potential treatment for reducing secondary damage, promoting axon growth; they are responsible for inducing myelination after injury. Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs) and minocycline have promoted locomotor function after SCI.

Effect of Honey Bee Venom on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a Model for Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely employed as a model to study multiple sclerosis (MS). Interleukin-27 (IL-27) inhibits Th17 activity and breaks the normal activity of effector T cells which cause autoimmunity. Bee venom (BV) has been used as a form of medicine from the time of ancient Greece and China.

Molecular Activation of the Kv11.1 Channel Reprograms EMT in Colon Cancer by Inhibiting TGFβ Signaling via Activation of Calcineurin.

Control of ionic gradients is critical to maintain cellular homeostasis in both physiological and pathological conditions, but the role of ion channels in cancer cells has not been studied thoroughly. In this work we demonstrated that activity of the Kv11.1 potassium channel plays a vital role in controlling the migration of colon cancer cells by reversing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) into the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET).

Artemisia absinthium improves spatial performance and neuronal injury induced by amyloid- beta in the CA1 hippocampal area of male Wistar rats.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the presence of two aberrant structures in the brain, those are, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with neuronal death. Amyloid-beta further exacerbates the metabolic decline and results in cognitive impairments.

Involvement of T-type calcium channels in the mechanism of low dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia in adult male rats.

It has been shown that systemic and local administration of ultra-low dose morphine induced a hyperalgesic response via mu-opioid receptors. However, its exact mechanism(s) has not fully been clarified. It is documented that mu-opioid receptors functionally couple to T-type voltage dependent Ca channels.

Neuroprotective Effects of Normobaric Hyperoxia and Transplantation of Encapsulated Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells on The Focal Brain Ischemia.

Objective: Choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) have the epithelial characteristic, produce cerebrospinal fluid, contribute to the detoxification process in the central nervous system (CNS), and are responsible for the synthesis and release of many nerve growth factors. On the other hand, studies suggest that normobaric hyperoxia (HO) by induction of ischemic tolerance (IT) can protect against brain damage and neurological diseases. We examined the effect of combination therapy of encapsulated CPECs and HO to protect against ischemic brain injury.

Modulatory role of the orexin system in stress-induced analgesia: Involvement of the ventral tegmental area.

Background: Exposure to stressful experiences is often accompanied by suppressing pain perception, referred to as stress-induced analgesia. The neuropeptides orexins are essential in regulating the mechanism that responds to stressful and painful stimuli. Meanwhile, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), as a part of descending pain inhibitory system, responds to noxious stimuli.

Stress-Induced Spatial Memory Deficit Reversed by Basolateral Amygdala NMDA Receptor Inhibition in Male Wistar Rats.

Introduction: The present study investigated the role of the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in stress-induced spatial memory disturbance among the male Wistar rats.

Methods: The male Wistar rats (Average weight =200 g) were cannulated bilaterally in the BLA, and entered the study (n=6-8) after one week. They received seven electro-foot-shock stress sessions on seven consecutive days.

The neuroprotective effect of MicroRNA-149-5p and coenzymeQ10 by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases following focal brain ischemia in rats.

The increase in some factors following cerebral ischemia, especially Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and inflammatory factors lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damages, edema and neuronal death. Previous studies have shown that these molecules are miRNA-149-5p (miR-149) and Coenzyme (Co) Q10 targets. Therefore, in this study, the effect of mimic of miRNA-149-5p (mimic miR) and CoQ10 on the expression of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 and inflammatory cytokines following injury caused by cerebral ischemia is investigated.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Caspian Cobra (Naja naja oxiana) Snake Venom on the Serum Level of Interleukin-27 and Histopathological Changes in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitisinduced Mice.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a chronic disease of the central nervous system, with a strong neurodegenerative component. The exact mechanism of MS is not clear. However, the therapeutic strategies for controlling MS are based on immune modulation and inflammation control.

The functional effects of piperine and piperine plus donepezil on hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment in rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Aims: The modulatory effects of piperine on drug metabolizing enzymes play an important role in the control of pharmacokinetic and the bioavailability properties of the administered drugs. The present study investigated the effect of piperine and piperine-donepezil co-administration on cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity at hippocampal perforant pathway (PP) to dentate gyrus (DG) synapses in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Materials And Methods: Intracerebroventricularly (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) injected rats were treated once daily with piperine, donepezil and piperine combined with donepezil for 4 weeks.

The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y on reproductive axis function in the male Wistar rats: Involvement of hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system.

Several studies have shown that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is considered to be one of the key regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the mammals. Also, kisspeptin is a powerful upstream regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPY and BIBP3226 (NPY receptor antagonist) on the reproductive axis (either hormonal or behavioral) of the male rats.

Neurotoxic effects of high-dose piperine on hippocampal synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in a rat model of memory impairment.

In recent years, piperine has attracted much attention due to its various biological effects as a neuroprotective agent. Therefore, clarification of the possible side effects of piperine is important to identify its potential pharmacological action. Thus, the effects of piperine on the long-term plasticity of perforant pathway to dentate gyrus synapses were studied in hippocampus of an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Central injection of neuropeptide Y modulates sexual behavior in male rats: interaction with GnRH and kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin.

Aims: A number of studies have shown that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is considered to be one of the key regulators of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in the mammals. In addition, kisspeptin (encode by gene), neurokinin B (encode by gene) and dynorphin (encode by gene) (commonly known as KNDy secreting neurons) are a powerful upstream regulators of GnRH neuron in hypothalamus.

Materials And Methods: The present study aims to investigate the effects of the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of NPY and BIBP3226 (NPY receptor antagonist (NPYRA)) on the male sexual behavioral.

Probiotics and Nigella sativa extract supplementation improved behavioral and electrophysiological effects of PTZ-induced chemical kindling in rats.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a most common neurological disorder that has negative effects on cognition. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) and probiotics on seizure activity, cognitive performance, and synaptic plasticity in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy.

Methods: One hundred and forty-four rats were divided into 2 experiments: In experiment 1, animals were grouped and treated as follows: 1) control (PTZ + saline), 2) NS treatment, 3) probiotic treatment, and 4) NS and probiotic treatment.

Effects of intra-dentate gyrus microinjection of myokine irisin on long-term potentiation in male rats.

Objective: Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) increases the storage capacity of synapses in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Irisin is a myokine generated from FNDC5 (a gene precursor) during exercise.

Methods: Although intra-cornu ammonis 1 administration of irisin fortifies LTP in mice with Alzheimer's disease, the effects of intra-DG injection of irisin on the LTP in rats remains to be elucidated in vivo.

Inhibition of Airway Contraction and Inflammation by Pomalidomide in a Male Wistar Rat Model of Ovalbumin-induced Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. Pomalidomide (POM) a therapy for multiple myeloma has been stated to have an anti-inflammatory effect. The main goal of the present study was to assess its possible effect on airway contraction and inflammation in a rat model of ovalbumin-induced asthma.