Estimation of energy balance and training volume during Army Initial Entry Training.

Background: Adequate dietary intake is important for promoting adaptation and prevention of musculoskeletal injury in response to large volumes of physical training such as Army Initial Entry Training (IET). The purpose of this study was to evaluate training volume and dietary intake and estimate energy balance in Army IET soldiers.

Methods: Dietary intake was assessed by collecting diet logs for three meals on each of three, non-consecutive days during the first week of IET.

Storage Quality of Brown Rice as Affected by Packaging with and without Carbon Dioxide.

Shelled brown rice (100 g/bag) was packed in regular plastic bags in air, in laminated film (nylon-EVA) bags in air, and in laminated bags plus CO. Samples of each were stored in the dark at 4 C and at 24 C, and samples were removed after 1, 3, 5 and 7 months for analysis of odor changes, free fatty acids, total microbial counts, total lipolytic fungi and bacteria, lipid peroxides and gas chromatographic volatiles profiles. Brown rice in laminated bags plus CO was more stable under refrigerated conditions than at ambient temperatures.

Activation of the alternative complement pathway by extracts of cotton dust.

Extracts of cotton dust were tested for their ability to activate the alternative complement pathway in fresh normal human serum (NHS). Alternative pathway activation was determined by a haemolytic assay utilizing glutathione-sensitized human erythrocytes, consumption of alternative pathway components in terms of alternative pathway CH50 units and an immunoelectrophoretic assay to detect split products of activation of factor B. All assays were performed under conditions that have been shown to block the initial steps of classical pathway activation but permit activation of the alternative complement pathway.

Activities of Five Acid Phosphatases in Purple, Green, and White Eggplants.

Tissues of purple, green, and white varieties of eggplant, Solanum melongena , were analyzed for relative activity of phenyl phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase, glucose-1-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and ATPase. Activities of all phosphatases were highest in the purple variety and lowest in the white. Relative rates of activity decreased in the order: ATPase, phenyl phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and glucose-1-phosphatase (only found in the purple variety).

Isolation and Identification of Lipolytic Microorganisms Found on Rough Rice from Two Growing Areas.

Rice bran and whole brown rice are currently underutilized because free fatty acids are formed from rice oil during storage. Rough rice from two growing areas was tested for presence of lipolytic microorganisms that could release these fatty acids. Approximately 10% of the total bacterial plate count (4 × 10/g for Louisiana and 12 × 10/g for the Arkansas rice samples) were lipolytic.

Production of Aflatoxins B and G on Solid and Broth Culture Media.

Mycelial growth and production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL A-16,462, on whole peanuts, undelintered cottonseed, and shredded wheat was compared to growth and aflatoxin production on 10% broths of the same substrates. The greatest amount of toxins was produced on shredded wheat as a whole substrate. The least amount was produced in shredded wheat broth medium.

KCN inhibition of lipoxygenase in purple, green, and white eggplants.

Lipoxygenase activity in three cultivars (purple, green, and white) of eggplant, Solanum melongena, were compared. Activity was greatest in the purple and lowest in the white variety. In contrast to reports that NaCN did not inhibit eggplant lipoxygenase, in these studies cyanide completely inhibited the enzyme in all three varieties.