A time-to-event modelling of sputum conversion within two months after antituberculosis initiation among drug-susceptible smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients: Implementation of internal and external validation.

Delayed sputum conversion has been associated with a higher risk of treatment failure or relapse among drug susceptible smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Several contributing factors have been identified in many studies, but the results varied across regions and countries. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a predictive model that explained the factors affecting time to sputum conversion within two months after initiating antituberculosis agents among Malaysian with drug-susceptible smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Semi-physiological Pharmacokinetic Model of Clozapine and Norclozapine in Healthy, Non-smoking Volunteers: The Impact of Race and Genetics.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clozapine is the medication of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, it has a complex metabolism and unexplained interindividual variability. The current work aims to develop a pharmacokinetic model of clozapine and norclozapine in non-smokers and assess the impact of demographic and genetic predictors.

Predictive model of recurrent ischemic stroke: model development from real-world data.

Background: There are established correlations between risk factors and ischemic stroke (IS) recurrence; however, does the hazard of recurrent IS change over time? What is the predicted baseline hazard of recurrent IS if there is no influence of variable predictors? This study aimed to quantify the hazard of recurrent IS when the variable predictors were set to zero and quantify the secondary prevention influence on the hazard of recurrent ischemic stroke.

Methods: In the population cohort involved in this study, data were extracted from 7,697 patients with a history of first IS attack registered with the National Neurology Registry of Malaysia from 2009 to 2016. A time-to-recurrent IS model was developed using NONMEM version 7.

A Retrospective Study on Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Finding from Multicenter Referral Hospitals.

Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis represents about 14% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia. The aim of the study includes the evaluation of sociodemographic factors, clinical manifestations, comorbidities among patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis and their treatment outcomes.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted from 2006 to 2008.

Pharmacometric modeling of drug adverse effects: an application of mixture models in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients treated with clozapine.

Clozapine has superior efficacy to other antipsychotics yet is underutilized due to its adverse effects, such as neutropenia, weight gain, and tachycardia. The current investigation aimed to introduce a pharmacometric approach to simultaneously model drug adverse effects, with examples from schizophrenia spectrum patients receiving clozapine. The adverse drug effects were represented as a function of time by incorporating a mixture model to describe individual susceptibility to the adverse effects.

A Repeated Time-to-Positive Symptoms Improvement among Malaysian Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Treated with Clozapine.

Clozapine remains the drug of choice for resistant schizophrenia. However, its dose-response relationship is still controversial. The current investigation aimed to develop a repeated time-to-positive symptoms improvement following the onset of clozapine treatment in Malaysian schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients.

Time-Dissociated Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Model of Cyclosporine Among Malaysian Renal Transplant Recipients.

Background: Cyclosporine is an essential component of many immunosuppressive regimens. However, its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling has not been widely investigated. This study aims to develop a time-dissociated PKPD model of cyclosporine in renal transplant patients.

Predictors of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Study.

Background: Diabetes and obesity are established risk factors for stroke. The current study aimed to assess risk factors of ischemic stroke recurrence in diabetic patients based on their body mass index (BMI).

Methods: A total of 4005 diabetic patients who had a history of ischemic stroke were identified in a retrospective cross-sectional dataset from the Malaysian National Neurology Registry.

Risk factors for mortality among COVID-19 patients.

Aims: COVID-19 is a current global pandemic. However, comprehensive global data analyses for its mortality risk factors are lacking. The current investigation aimed to assess the predictors of death among COVID-19 patients from worldwide open access data.

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Cyclosporine Among Malaysian Renal Transplant Patients: An Evaluation of Methods to Handle Missing Doses in Conventional Drug-Monitoring Data.

Cyclosporine is a primary drug in transplant immunosuppression regimens. It has a narrow therapeutic index and variable pharmacokinetic behavior. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of cyclosporine in Malaysian renal transplant recipients as well as to evaluate the performances of different methodsfor handling missing doses.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic drug that is considered the most effective treatment for refractory schizophrenia. Several clozapine population pharmacokinetic models have been introduced in the last decades. Thus, a systematic review was performed (i) to compare published pharmacokinetics models and (ii) to summarize and explore identified covariates influencing the clozapine pharmacokinetics models.