Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals E6 and E7 of HPV 16 Regulate Metabolic Reprogramming in Cervical Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, and Colorectal Cancer through the PHD2-VHL-CUL2-ELOC-HIF-1α Axis.

Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) infection is associated with several types of cancer, such as head and neck, cervical, anal, and penile cancer. Its oncogenic potential is due to the ability of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins to promote alterations associated with cell transformation. HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins increase metabolic reprogramming, one of the hallmarks of cancer, by increasing the stability of hypoxia-induced factor 1 α (HIF-1α) and consequently increasing the expression levels of their target genes.

TET enzymes and 5hmC epigenetic mark: new key players in carcinogenesis and progression in gynecological cancers.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a methyl group onto the C5 position of the cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine (5mC). In general, DNA methylation in cancer is associated with the repression of the expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) and the demethylation with the overexpression of oncogenes. DNA methylation was considered a stable modification for a long time, but in 2009, it was reported that DNA methylation is a dynamic modification.

TET Enzymes and 5hmC Levels in Carcinogenesis and Progression of Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets.

Breast Cancer (BC) was the most common female cancer in incidence and mortality worldwide in 2020. Similarly, BC was the top female cancer in the USA in 2022. Risk factors include earlier age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, high body mass index, and mutations in 1/2 genes, among others.

Expression of HIF-1α and Genes Involved in Glucose Metabolism Is Increased in Cervical Cancer and HPV-16-Positive Cell Lines.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common cancer in women in the lower genital tract. The main risk factor for developing CC is persistent infection with HPV 16. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV 16 have been related to metabolic reprogramming in cancer through the regulation of the expression and stability of HIF-1α and consequently of the expression of its target genes, such as (HIF-1α), (GLUT1), , (CAIX), (MCT4), and (Basigin or CD147), which are involved in glucose metabolism.

The expression of Oct3/4A mRNA and not its isoforms is upregulated by the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein.

Purpose: Oct3/4 a transcription factor is involved in maintaining the characteristics of cancer stem cells. Oct3/4 can be expressed differentially with respect to the progression of cervical cancer (CC). In addition, Oct3/4 can give rise to three isoforms by alternative splicing of the mRNA Oct3/4A, Oct3/4B and Oct3/4B1.

The NRSF/REST transcription factor in hallmarks of cancer: From molecular mechanisms to clinical relevance.

The RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), or neuron restrictive silencing factor (NRSF), was first identified as a repressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissue. Interestingly, this transcription factor may act as a tumor suppressor or an oncogenic role in developing neuroendocrine and other tumors in patients. The hallmarks of cancer include six biological processes, including proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death, replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis.

EMMPRIN is an emerging protein capable of regulating cancer hallmarks.

EMMPRIN, also known as Basigin or CD147, is a transmembrane glycoprotein member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed basally in cells that regulate physiological processes of the cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. However, EMMPRIN is also capable of interacting with different proteins, like VEGFR, SMAD4, Integrin, MCT, CyPA, GLUT1, CAIV, Annexin II, Cav-1, CAML, etc.

Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals that EZH2-rich domains promote transcriptional repression in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is the third female cancer most common worldwide. The carcinogenic process involves an alteration of the mechanisms associated with transcription. Several studies have reported an oncogenic role of the polycomb complex subunit, EZH2.

Characterization and Evaluation of Composite Biomaterial Bioactive Glass-Polylactic Acid for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications.

The limitations associated with the clinical use of autographs and allografts are driving efforts to develop relevant and applicable biomaterial substitutes. In this research, 3D porous scaffolds composed of bioactive glass (BG) obtained through the sol-gel technique and polylactic acid (PLA) synthesized via lactic acid (LA) ring-opening polymerization were prepared by the gel-pressing technique. Two different weight compositions were evaluated, namely, BG70-PLA30 and BG30-PLA70.

GLUT1, LDHA, and MCT4 Expression Is Deregulated in Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions.

Metabolic reprogramming is typical in cancerous cells and is required for proliferation and cellular survival. In addition, oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) are involved in this process. This study evaluated the relationship between glucose transporter I (GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and monocarboxylate transporter type 4 (MCT4) expression and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) with HR-HPV infection.

Prevalence and Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes (1997-2019) and Their Association With Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Women From Southern Mexico.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of precancerous lesions and CC cases worldwide.

Objective: We assessed the prevalence and distribution of HPV types and association with precancerous lesions and CC.

The CpG island methylator phenotype increases the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer.

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, but additional alterations are necessary for its development. Abnormal DNA methylation has an important role in the origin and dissemination of cervical cancer and other human tumors. In this work, we analyzed the methylation of eight genes (AJAP1, CDH1, CDH13, MAGI2, MGMT, MYOD1, RASSF1A and SOX17) that participate in several biological processes for the maintenance of cell normality.

E6/E7 Variants of Human Papillomavirus 16 Associated with Cervical Carcinoma in Women in Southern Mexico.

Persistent infection with the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) is the cause of half of all cervical carcinomas (CC) cases. Moreover, mutations in the oncoproteins E6 and E7 are associated with CC development. In this study, E6/E7 variants circulating in southern Mexico and their association with CC and its precursor lesions were evaluated.

Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: Role of HPV 16 Variants.

Metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the hallmarks in cancer and is characterized by increased glycolysis and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen, which leads the cancer cells to a process called "aerobic glycolysis" or "Warburg effect". The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) favor the Warburg effect through their interaction with a molecule that regulates cellular metabolism, such as p53, retinoblastoma protein (pRb), c-Myc, and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Besides, the impact of the E6 and E7 variants of HPV 16 on metabolic reprogramming through proteins such as HIF-1α may be related to their oncogenicity by favoring cellular metabolism modifications to satisfy the energy demands necessary for viral persistence and cancer development.

Natural isoflavonoids in invasive cancer therapy: From bench to bedside.

Cancer is a public health problem worldwide, and one of the crucial steps within tumor progression is the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, which are directly related to cancer-associated deaths in patients. Recognizing the molecular markers involved in invasion and metastasis is essential to find targeted therapies in cancer. Interestingly, about 50% of the discovered drugs used in chemotherapy have been obtained from natural sources such as plants, including isoflavonoids.

TOP2A/MCM2, p16, and cyclin E1 expression in liquid-based cytology: a biomarkers panel for progression risk of cervical premalignant lesions.

Background: To improve the efficiency of early diagnosis systems for cervical cancer, the use of cellular and viral markers for identifying precancerous lesions with a greater probability to progress to cancer has been proposed. Several cellular proteins and markers of oxidative DNA damage have been suggested as possible biomarkers of cervical carcinogenesis; however, they have not been evaluated together. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the cellular markers p16, Ki-67, CyclinE1, TOP2A/MCM2, and telomerase, as well as the DNA oxidative damage markers ROS and 8-OHdG.

New Actors Driving the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: The Role of Leptin.

Leptin is a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes; physiologically, it participates in the control of appetite and energy expenditure. However, it has also been linked to tumor progression in different epithelial cancers. In this review, we describe the effect of leptin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in different study models, including in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies and in various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and ovarian cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs as new players in cervical carcinogenesis: an update.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Therefore, it is very important to understand cervical carcinogenesis, as well as the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in this process, in order to develop new strategies that contribute to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cervical cancer. Infection by high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a key event in cervical carcinogenesis, as well as, other factors, such as sociodemographics, lifestyle, sexual behavior, etc.

Phytochemical profile and antiproliferative effect of Ficus crocata extracts on triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Background: Some species of the Ficus genus show pharmacological activity, including antiproliferative activity, in cell lines of several cancer Types. ficus crocata is distributed in Mexico and used in traditional medicine, as it is believed to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. However, as of yet, there are no scientific reports on its biological activity.

Women with chronic follicular gastritis positive for Helicobacter pylori express lower levels of GKN1.

In women, serum levels of CTSB, GKN2, LIPF, LIPFG, AZGP1, TOP2A and PGA4 are proposed as predictive markers of gastric cancer. It is unknown whether GKN1 expression varies with the sex of patients with chronic gastritis or gastric cancer. We studied 36 patients with histopathological diagnosis of chronic gastritis from the state of Guerrero, Mexico.

Characterization of an Adapted Murine Model of Intrauterine Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth.

Preterm birth (PTB) affects nearly 15 million infants each year. Of these PTBs, >25% are a result of inflammation or infection. Animal models have improved our understanding of the mechanisms leading to PTB.

Ezrin and E-cadherin expression profile in cervical cytology: a prognostic marker for tumor progression in cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth cause of mortality by neoplasia in women worldwide. The use of immunomarkers is an alternative tool to complement currently used algorithms for detection of cancer, and to improve selection of therapeutic schemes. Aberrant expression of Ezrin and E-cadherin play an important role in tumor invasion.

Methylation of the L1 gene and integration of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 in cervical carcinoma and premalignant lesions.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical carcinoma (CC). Viral integration into the host chromosomes is associated with neoplastic progression, and epigenetic changes may occur as a result. The objective of the present study was to analyze HPV L1 gene methylation and to compare the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), hybridization (ISH) and L1 methylation analysis as methods for detecting HPV integration.

Association of human papillomavirus 16 E6 variants with cervical carcinoma and precursor lesions in women from Southern Mexico.

Background: HPV 16 is the cause of cervical carcinoma, but only a small fraction of women with HPV infection progress to this pathology. Besides persistent infection and HPV integration, several studies have suggested that HPV intratype variants may contribute to the development of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nucleotide variability and phylogenetically classify HPV 16 E6 variants circulating over a period of 16 years in women from Southern Mexico, and to analyze its association with precursor lesions and cervical carcinoma.

Developing culturally appropriate Medicare education materials.

Cultural differences are some of the most subtle, yet critical, factors affecting how people with Medicare understand their benefits, rights and choices. This brief explores the lessons we have learned from an effort to develop and test Medicare education materials suitable for audiences of varying cultural backgrounds.