Prevalence of Non-Viral Bloodborne Pathogens Among Healthy Blood Donors in Western Mexico: Problems and Failures of Public Health Policy.

Background And Objectives: Non-viral bloodborne diseases are a group of infections that are a public health problem worldwide. The incidence of diseases such as brucellosis and syphilis is increasing in the Americas and Europe. Chagas disease is an endemic problem in Latin America, the United States and Europe.

Very early remission and increased apoptosis with the use of Pentoxifylline in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Introduction: Despite the improvement in survival in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), there are still cases with evasion of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. The IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway contributes to antiapoptotic gene expression. Pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits IkB phosphorylation, blocking NF-κB and antiapoptotic activity.

New Advances in the Study of CMTM6, a Focus on Its Novel Non-Canonical Cellular Locations, and Functions beyond Its Role as a PD-L1 Stabilizer.

CMTM6 is a membrane protein that acts as a regulator of PD-L1, maintaining its expression on the cell surface, and can prevent its lysosome-mediated degradation. It is unknown if CMTM6 is present in the plasma of patients with cervical cancer, and if it has non-canonical subcellular localizations in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. Our objective was to determine whether CMTM6 is found in plasma derived from cervical cancer patients and its subcellular localization in cell lines.

Improvement of Docetaxel Efficacy through Simultaneous Blockade of Transcription Factors NF-κB and STAT-3 Using Pentoxifylline and Stattic in Prostate Cancer Cells.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and deadly disease in men. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages, at which point patients are treated mainly with docetaxel (DTX), which is effective but limited by resistance and side effects. Overactivation of the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT-3 plays a critical role in the development, progression, and chemoresistance of PCa.

Uncovering the Expression Pattern of the Costimulatory Receptors ICOS, 4-1BB, and OX-40 in Exhausted Peripheral and Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cells from Patients with Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) poses a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. NK cells play a crucial role against CC; however, they can become exhausted and lose their cytotoxic capacity. This work explores the expression of costimulatory receptors (ICOS, 4-1BB, OX-40) in exhausted NK cells from CC patients.

Metformin in combination with chemotherapy increases apoptosis in gastric cancer cells and counteracts senescence induced by chemotherapy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world, and there is a demand for new therapeutic agents to treat GC. Metformin has been demonstrated to be an antineoplastic agent in some types of cancer; however, it has not been sufficiently valued in treating GC because the effect of metformin in combination with chemotherapy regimens has not yet been evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying cell death induced by metformin alone or when combined with chemotherapy.

Cataloging circulating CD3CD56 NKT-like cells through a series of stimulating (NKG2D and DNAM-1) and inhibitory (PD-1, TIGIT, and Tim-3) immune checkpoint receptors in women diagnosed with precancerous cervical lesions or invasive cervical carcinoma.

Persistent human papillomavirus infection is associated with the development of premalignant lesions that can eventually lead to cervical cancer. In this study, we evaluated the expression of activating (NKG2D, DNAM-1) and inhibitory immune checkpoints receptors (PD-1, TIGIT, and Tim-3) in peripheral blood NKT-like (CD3CD56) lymphocytes from patients with cervical carcinoma (CC, n = 19), high-grade lesions (HG, n = 8), low-grade lesions (LG, n = 19) and healthy donors (HD, n = 17) using multiparametric flow cytometry. Dimensional data analysis showed four clusters within the CD3CD56 cells with different patterns of receptor expression.

The Role of miRNAs to Detect Progression, Stratify, and Predict Relevant Clinical Outcomes in Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with significant differences in survival depending on the degree of muscle and surrounding tissue invasion. For this reason, the timely detection and monitoring of the disease are important. Surveillance cystoscopy is an invasive, costly, and uncomfortable procedure to monitor BC, raising the need for new, less invasive alternatives.

Expression of ornithine decarboxylase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A preliminary report.

Ductal adenocarcinoma represents 90-95% of pancreatic cancer (PC) cases and it is an aggressive disease with asymptomatic evolution at early stages, non-specific symptoms and a typical late diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate estimated to be 8%. A window of opportunity lies in early diagnosis as there are currently no reliable biomarkers. CA 19-9 is one of the most frequently used biomarkers of PC, with 75 and 77.

HPV-Negative and HPV-Positive Oral Cancer Cells Stimulate the Polarization of Neutrophils towards Different Functional Phenotypes In Vitro.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the leading causes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), while the correlation between HPV and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial. The inflammatory infiltrate involved in these epithelial neoplasms differs based on their association with HPV. HPV- tumors show higher tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) infiltration.

The Role of the Oxidative State and Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR7 and TLR9 in Lupus Nephritis.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is considered one of the leading causes of mortality. Multiple immunological pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, which makes it imperative to deepen our knowledge about this disease's immune-pathological complexity and explore new therapeutic targets. Since an altered redox state contributes to immune system dysregulation, this document briefly addresses the roles of oxidative stress (OS), oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial function, and mitophagy in SLE and LN.

BAFF system expression in double negative 2, activated naïve and activated memory B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: B cell activating factor (BAFF) has an important role in normal B cell development. The aberrant expression of BAFF is related with the autoimmune diseases development like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for promoting self-reactive B cells survival. BAFF functions are exerted through its receptors BAFF-R (BR3), transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are reported to have differential expression on B cells in SLE.

BAFFR expression in circulating T follicular helper (CD4CXCR5PD-1) and T peripheral helper (CD4CXCR5PD-1) cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) and T peripheral helper (Tph) subpopulations are shown to be higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and have been involved in promoting extrafollicular B cell responses. However, a possible association with the B cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine mainly related to B cell responses and disease activity in SLE, has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of cTfh and Tph subpopulations with the BAFF system expression and clinical activity in SLE patients.

Pentoxifylline Inhibits TNF-α/TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Suppressing the NF-κB Pathway and Expression in CaSki Cells.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common and deadly types of female cancer worldwide. Late diagnosis in CC increases the risk of tumor cells spreading to distant organs (metastasis). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process of cancer metastasis.

A Modified Method for the Quantification of Immune Checkpoint Ligands on Exosomes from Human Serum using Flow Cytometry.

Exosomes are the smallest of the extracellular vesicles and can contain a variety of different cargos, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Ultracentrifugation followed by electron microscopy has historically been used for the isolation and visualization of exosomes; Western blot and ELISA have also been used, but these techniques are only semiquantitative and are unable to distinguish different exosome markers in the same sample. To resolve some of these issues, we propose a modification of a bead-based flow cytometry method.

The role of miRNA in prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response: a narrative review.

To date, prostate cancer remains the most common tumor diagnosed in males and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. While current screening protocols can detect early disease, they lack enough sensitivity and specificity, leading to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Furthermore, disease monitoring remains challenging, as current prognostic strategies rely on data obtained by invasive means such as biopsy, surgery and digital rectal examination.

Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Transcriptome Sequencing Reveal Genes with Gain in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Expression Emerges as a Survival-Related Gene.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children or adults is characterized by structural and numeric aberrations in chromosomes; these anomalies strongly correlate with prognosis and clinical outcome. Therefore, this work aimed to identify the genes present in chromosomal gain regions found more frequently in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and ALL-derived cell lines using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). In addition, validation of the genes found in these regions was performed utilizing RNAseq from JURKAT, CEM, and SUP-B15 cell lines, as well as expression microarrays derived from a MILE study.

Human lactoferrin from breast milk: characterization by HPLC and its in vitro antibiofilm performance.

Preterm infants are at high risk of infection due to opportunistic bacteria as , causing infections among infants in neonatal intensive care units. Human lactoferrin (hLf) is a multifunctional protein and one of the most abundant in breast milk, and plays an important role in prevention of different infections in neonates. This work offers a strategy to obtain a lyophilisate of purified lactoferrin from breast milk.

Dual STAT‑3 and IL‑6R inhibition with stattic and tocilizumab decreases migration, invasion and proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting the IL‑6/IL‑6R/STAT‑3 axis.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a key public health problem worldwide; at diagnosis, a high percentage of patients exhibit tumor cell invasion of adjacent tissue. STAT‑3, IL‑6 receptor (R) and IL‑6 serum levels are associated with enhanced PCa migratory, invasive, clonogenic and metastatic ability. Inhibiting the STAT‑3 pathway at different levels (cytokines, receptors, and kinases) exhibits relative success in cancer.

Combination Blockade of the IL6R/STAT-3 Axis with TIGIT and Its Impact on the Functional Activity of NK Cells against Prostate Cancer Cells.

Methods: We analyzed the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 22Rv1, LNCaP, and DU145 cells. In these cells, we also evaluated the expression of NK ligands, IL6R, STAT-3, and phosporylated STAT-3. In NK-92 cells, we evaluated the effects of Stattic (Stt) and tocilizumab (Tcz) on NK receptors.

Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ ) in leucocytes as post-COVID-19 sequelae.

The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ ) is a parameter often used to determine mitochondrial function; therefore, it can be used to determine the integrity and functionality of cells. A decrement of ΔΨ is implicated in several inflammatory-related pathologies, such phenomena can be related to COVID-19 infection. The present work aimed to compare the ΔΨ in leucocytes (human PBMCs; HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, patients with COVID-19 (C-19), recovered subjects at 40 ± 13 (R1) and 335 ± 20 (R2) days after infection (dai).

Sensitizing the cytotoxic action of Docetaxel induced by Pentoxifylline in a PC3 prostate cancer cell line.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancers worldwide. In its initial period, the tumor is hormone-sensitive, but in advanced states, it evolves into a metastatic castration-resistant tumor. In this state, chemotherapy with taxanes such as Docetaxel (DTX) comprises the first line of treatment.

Pentoxifylline Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment: Involvement of Mitochondrial and NF-Kappa B Pathways.

Background: Cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, and Cisplatin is used as first-line chemotherapy for this cancer; however, malignant cells exposed to CISplatin (CIS) become insensitive to the effects of this drug. PenToXifylline (PTX) is a xanthine that sensitizes several types of tumor cells to apoptosis induced by antitumor drugs, such as Adriamycin, Carboplatin, and CIS. The effects of PTX on tumor cells have been related to the disruption of the NF-κB pathway, thus preventing the activation of cell survival mechanisms such as the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, the secretion of proinflammatory interleukins, and growth factors.

Capsaicin attenuates immunosuppression induced by chronic stress in BALB/C mice.

Although acute stress generally exerts positive effects on the immune system, chronic stress typically causes immunosuppression via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this study, the effects of capsaicin (1.28 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.

Immune checkpoint expression on peripheral cytotoxic lymphocytes in cervical cancer patients: moving beyond the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.

Immune checkpoint therapy to reverse natural killer (NK) and T cell exhaustion has emerged as a promising treatment in various cancers. While anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pembrolizumab has recently gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer, other checkpoint molecules, such as T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3), have yet to be fully explored in this disease. We report expression of TIGIT, Tim-3 and PD-1 on subsets of peripheral blood NK (CD56 CD16 and CD56 CD16 ) and T cells.