Publications by authors named "Ortiz-Alvarez L"
Increasing physical activity (PA) is recognised as an efficacious approach for preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, the composition of microorganisms living within the gut has been proposed as an important appropriate target for treating these diseases. Whether PA is related to faecal microbiota diversity and composition in humans remains to be ascertained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a signaling system composed of endocannabinoids (eCBs), their receptors, and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and metabolism. Alterations in the ECS are linked to the development of cardiometabolic diseases.
Objective: Here, we investigated the relationship between plasma levels of eCBs and their analogues with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors.
Article Synopsis
- Gut bacteria help break down bile acids, which are important for digestion, but how they affect human bile levels is not well understood.
- Scientists studied poop samples from 80 young adults to see how the bacteria in their guts related to bile acid levels in their blood.
- They found that certain types of gut bacteria were linked to higher bile acid levels, showing that our gut health might impact digestion, but more research is needed to be sure.
Pre-clinical studies suggest that circulating oxylipins, i.e., the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), modulate gut microbiota composition in mice, but there is no information available in humans.
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- This study investigates the role of fatty acid-derived lipid mediators like oxylipins and endocannabinoids in the body's inflammatory and immune responses to exercise stressors, using a randomized controlled trial with sedentary young adults.
- Participants underwent acute endurance and resistance training, followed by a 24-week supervised exercise regimen, with their plasma levels of various lipid mediators measured before and after exercise using advanced mass spectrometry techniques.
- Results showed significant increases (up to 50%) in specific omega-6 and omega-3-derived oxylipins and endocannabinoids after exercise, but the moderate-intensity exercise group experienced a reduction in some omega-6 oxylipins after the
Objective: Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its related cardiometabolic diseases; however, whether the gut microbiota might be an efficient stimulus to activate BAT metabolism remains to be ascertained. We aimed to investigate the association of fecal microbiota composition with BAT volume and activity and mean radiodensity in young adults.
Methods: 82 young adults (58 women, 21.
No evidence of brown adipose tissue activation after 24 weeks of supervised exercise training in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.
Nat Commun
September 2022
Exercise modulates both brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in murine models. Whether this is true in humans, however, has remained unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.
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- The study aimed to explore the relationship between plasma levels of endocannabinoids (AEA and 2-AG) and fecal microbiota in 92 young adults.
- While no direct link was found between endocannabinoid levels and overall diversity of gut microbes, specific endocannabinoids showed positive and negative correlations with the abundance of certain bacterial genera.
- The findings suggest that endocannabinoids and their analogues may influence gut barrier integrity, especially in individuals with high levels of lipopolysaccharides, indicating a potential role in gut health.
Article Synopsis
- Succinate is produced by both the body and gut microbiota and is suggested to be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adults, although the specific relationship was previously unclear.* -
- A cross-sectional study involving 100 young adults (ages 18-25) found that higher plasma succinate levels are associated with increased visceral fat, higher triglycerides, elevated inflammation markers, and higher blood pressure.* -
- The study indicates that plasma succinate levels could be reflective of a pro-inflammatory state and cardiovascular health in young adults, despite no correlation found with brown adipose tissue or gut microbiota diversity.*
Objective: To study the association between usual dietary factors (dietary energy density, nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume/F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake after personalized cold exposure in young healthy adults.
Methods: A total of 122 young adults (n = 82 women; 22.0 ± 2.
Influence of Exercise on the Human Gut Microbiota of Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.
Clin Transl Gastroenterol
February 2020
Article Synopsis
- The study reviews how exercise impacts the gut microbiota in healthy adults by analyzing original research on physical activity interventions.
- A systematic search identified 18 relevant studies, revealing that higher physical activity levels correspond to greater bacterial diversity and higher short-chain fatty acids in feces.
- Despite these findings, inconsistencies across short-term and long-term studies limit clear conclusions, highlighting the need for better-designed research to understand these effects more thoroughly.*
Background & Aims: Since the discovery of active brown adipose tissue in human adults, non-shivering cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) has been regarded as a promising tool to combat obesity. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the method of choice to analyze indirect calorimetry data from a CIT study. We analyzed the impact of methods for data selection and methods for data analysis on measures of cold-induced energy expenditure (EE) and nutrient oxidation rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been proposed as an indirect technique to assess brown adipose tissue (BAT) in young men. NIRS arises as a novel technique to avoid the limitations of the "gold-standard" 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]DG) positron emission tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT). The aim of this study was to examine the association between near-infrared spatially resolved spectroscopy (NIR) parameters and BAT volume and activity estimated by [F]DG-PET/CT in 18 young healthy women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aim: The thermic effect of food (TEF) refers to the increase of the metabolic rate and body temperature in response to a single meal. To date, most of the studies have focused to determine the TEF in terms of energy expenditure, but little is known about which is the response in terms of skin temperature. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the thermic effect of food (TEF) on the skin temperature with a standardized and individualized liquid meal test is different in young adult men than in young adult women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: A high inter-day reliability is a key factor to analyze the magnitude of change in resting metabolic rate (RMR) after an intervention, and the impact of using different methods for data analysis is not known. The aims of this study were: i) to analyze the impact of methods for data analysis on RMR and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) estimation; ii) to analyze the impact of methods for data analysis on inter-day RMR and RER reliability; iii) to compare inter-day RMR and RER reliability across methods for data analysis in participants who achieved steady state (SS) vs. participants who did not achieve SS.
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