Challenges With the Intolerance of Biologics in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: The Risk of Exacerbations Is Time-Dependent With the Rise of Eosinophils.

Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) can benefit from biologic therapy but some subjects may present an immune-mediated side effect. These patients will not meet the treatment goals and might have an increased risk of exacerbations. Monitoring these patients by determining blood eosinophil (BE) levels could be one of the tools that may allow a follow-up to prevent a worsening of asthma or exacerbations.

Radiation Chemistry Reveals the Reaction Mechanisms Involved in the Reduction of Vinylene Carbonate in the Solid Electrolyte Interphase of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

A safe and efficient lithium-ion battery requires including an additive in the electrolyte. Among the additives used, vinylene carbonate (VC) is particularly interesting, because it leads to the formation of a stable and protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the negative electrode. However, the reduction behavior of VC, resulting in polymer formation, is complex, and many questions remain as to the corresponding reaction mechanisms.

Short-Term Changes in Food Spatial Distribution by Zoo Husbandry Practices Increase Agonism and Affect Feeding Behavior in Chilean Flamingos (): A Case Study.

Short-term modifications to animals' enclosures, stemming from zoo husbandry practices, can significantly impact animal behavior and, consequently, their welfare. In this case study, we examined a captive-bred population of 23 adult Chilean flamingos () during a non-breeding season to evaluate whether short-term alterations in the spatial distribution of feeders would affect the birds' feeding and agonistic behaviors. Initially, we developed an ethogram to establish baseline behavioral data.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,9-trisubstituted benzoxazepines as antileishmanial agents.

Herein we report a series of antileishmanial analogues derived from 4-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)acetyl]-9-[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)methoxy]-7-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine (1), which was identified through a previously reported high-throughput phenotypic screen. The analogue series was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antileishmanial activity to establish pharmacophore elements and preliminary structure-activity relationships as key steps in validating the series for further optimization. This study led to identification of the early lead compound 46, which exhibited sub-micromolar proliferation inhibitory activity against intra-macrophage L.

Preclinical development of SGN-CD47M: Protease-activated antibody technology enables selective tumor targeting of the innate immune checkpoint receptor CD47.

CD47 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed on normal human tissues and has a key role as a marker of self. Tumor cells have coopted CD47 overexpression to evade immune surveillance and thus blockade of CD47 is a highly active area of clinical exploration in oncology. However, clinical development of CD47-targeted agents has been complicated by its robust expression in normal tissues and the toxicities that arise from blocking this inhibitory signal.

Tracking Candidemia Trends and Antifungal Resistance Patterns across Europe: An In-Depth Analysis of Surveillance Systems and Surveillance Studies.

Background: The WHO fungal priority list classifies species as critical and high-priority pathogens, and the WHO GLASS fungi initiative seeks to establish a standardised global framework for antifungal resistance monitoring. We aimed to review resistance rates and antifungal resistance patterns across European surveillance systems and studies in response to these recent calls for action.

Methods: A systematic review of national and international surveillance systems and peer-reviewed surveillance studies available up to June 2024 was conducted.

Metabolic energetic adaptation of Atlantic salmon phagocytes to changes in carbon sources and exposure to PAMPs.

Phagocytic cells are pivotal for host homeostasis and infection defense, necessitating metabolic adaptations in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). While mammalian phagocytes shift towards glycolysis and glutaminolysis during polarization, research on fish phagocyte metabolic reprogramming is limited. To address this, the Atlantic salmon phagocytic cell line, SHK-1, serves as a valuable model.

Audiological Characteristics of a Sample of Adults With Misophonia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the audiological test results from a sample of 60 adults with self-reported misophonia.

Method: Audiological testing was completed prior to participant randomization in a controlled trial for misophonia treatment. Participants completed the Inventory of Hyperacusis Symptoms Survey (IHS), the Tinnitus and Hearing Survey (THS), the Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ), and behavioral and objective audiometric measures.

Applied Research in Clinical Audiology with Spanish Speakers in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Background:  The Hispanic population is growing, and Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States. When individuals experience a hearing problem, culturally and linguistically responsive services represent an important part of person-centered care, contributing to wellbeing and intervention outcomes.

Purpose:  The purpose was to identify research in clinical audiology conducted with Spanish speakers to illuminate gaps and inform future research.

Tissue-specific inducible IL-33 expression elicits features of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: IL-33 is a type 2 inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in the esophageal epithelium of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) subjects. We previously developed a mouse model of EoE dependent on constitutive overexpression of IL-33 from the esophageal epithelium (EoE33).

Objective: Our objective was to develop an inducible, IL-33-dependent model of EoE and examine induction of EoE-associated pathology.

Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Illness among Mexican Americans: The Role of Acculturation Stress.

This study examines the complex interplay of genetic and environmental interactions that shape chronic illness risk. Evidence is mounting for the role of genetic expression and the immune response in the pathogenesis of chronic disease. In the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas, where 90% of the population is Mexican American, chronic illnesses (including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic liver disease, and depression) are reaching epidemic proportions.

ENPP1 enzyme replacement therapy improves ectopic calcification but does not rescue skeletal phenotype in a mouse model for craniometaphyseal dysplasia.

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare genetic bone disorder, characterized by progressive thickening of craniofacial bones and flared metaphyses of long bones. Craniofacial hyperostosis leads to the obstruction of neural foramina and neurological symptoms such as facial palsy, blindness, deafness, or severe headache. Mutations in (mouse ortholog ), a transporter of small molecules such as citrate and ATP, are responsible for autosomal dominant CMD.

White matter connections of human ventral temporal cortex are organized by cytoarchitecture, eccentricity, and category-selectivity from birth.

Category-selective regions in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) have a consistent anatomical organization, which is hypothesized to be scaffolded by white matter connections. However, it is unknown how white matter connections are organized from birth. Here, we scanned newborn to 6-month-old infants and adults and used a data-driven approach to determine the organization of the white matter connections of VTC.

A consequential one-night stand: Episodic historical hybridization leads to mitochondrial takeover in sympatric desert ant-eating spiders.

Disentangling the genomic intricacies underlying speciation and the causes of discordance between sources of evidence can offer remarkable insights into evolutionary dynamics. The ant-eating spider Zodarion nitidum, found across the Middle East and Egypt, displays yellowish and blackish morphs that co-occur sympatrically. These morphs additionally differ in behavioral and physiological features and show complete pre-mating reproductive isolation.

Estrogen receptor/androgen receptor transcriptional activation of benzophenone derivatives and integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) for estrogenic effects.

Estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivation assays for the benzophenone compounds (BPs) were performed using hERα-HeLa-9903 cells for ER and MMTV/22Rv1_GR-KO cells for AR. Results showed that some BPs, such as BP-1, BP-2, 4OH-BP, 4DHB, and 4-MBP, showed agonistic activity on ER with a higher RPCmax than 1 nM 17-β estradiol. The other BPs (BP, BP-3, BP-6, BP-7, and BP-8) showed low RPCmax in accordance with the OECD Test guideline (TG) 455 criteria, with BP-4 as the only ER-negative.

A systematic review of the prevalence of late identified hearing loss in childhood.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the evidence about the prevalence of permanent hearing loss for children not identified from newborn hearing screening (NHS).

Design: Articles were grouped into three categories based on the methodological approach: (1) all participants received diagnostic testing, (2) otoacoustic emission (OAE) or pure tone screening was completed and those not passing were referred for a diagnostic test, and (3) data were retrieved from archival records. Study characteristics, prevalence, and contextual factors were synthesised and narratively described.

Extracts of Prunella vulgaris Enhanced Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behavior in Mice Potentially via Adenosine A2A Receptor Activity.

The increasing prevalence of sleep dysregulation cases has prompted the search for effective and safe sleep-enhancing agents. Numerous medications used in the treatment of sleep disorders function by enhancing -aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter activity. Unfortunately, these substances may induce significant adverse effects in chronic users, such as dependence and motor behavior impairments.

Genetic counselors' awareness and attitudes regarding gene therapies.

There are 10 gene therapies (GTs) for hereditary conditions that are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While prior research demonstrates that the majority of healthcare providers lack knowledge regarding GTs, this has not been explored within the genetic counseling profession. The authors hypothesize that the availability of GTs impacts the genetic counseling profession and that there is variable awareness on this topic among genetic counselors (GCs).