[The prevention of cervical cancer].

Cervical cancer screening concerns women between the ages of 25 and 65. It consists of the collection of cervical cells with a spatula by rubbing the cervix. The material was initially spread out and fixed on a glass slide.

Pasteur and the veterinarians.

Pasteur's work on fermentations has variously influenced the conception that veterinarians had of the origin of virulent diseases. Jean-Baptiste Chauveau asserted as early as 1866 the specificity of contagious diseases and their exogenous origin. Henri Bouley was initially a supporter of the spontaneity of these diseases.

Homozygous gain-of-function mutation in siblings with a syndromic form of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) is a rare and debilitating childhood disease that presents with recurrent growth of papillomas in the upper airway. Two common human papillomaviruses (HPVs), HPV-6 and -11, are implicated in most cases, but it is still not understood why only a small proportion of children develop JRRP following exposure to these common viruses. We report 2 siblings with a syndromic form of JRRP associated with mild dermatologic abnormalities.

The human CIB1-EVER1-EVER2 complex governs keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity to β-papillomaviruses.

Patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and biallelic null mutations of (encoding EVER1) or (EVER2) are selectively prone to disseminated skin lesions due to keratinocyte-tropic human β-papillomaviruses (β-HPVs), which lack E5 and E8. We describe EV patients homozygous for null mutations of the gene encoding calcium- and integrin-binding protein-1 (CIB1). CIB1 is strongly expressed in the skin and cultured keratinocytes of controls but not in those of patients.

Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: Inborn Errors of Immunity to Human Beta-Papillomaviruses.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder with a phenotype conditional on human beta-papillomavirus (beta-HPV) infection. Such infections are common and asymptomatic in the general population, but in individuals with EV, they lead to the development of plane wart-like and red or brownish papules or pityriasis versicolor-like skin lesions, from childhood onwards. Most patients develop non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), mostly on areas of UV-exposed skin, from the twenties or thirties onwards.

Inherited MST1 deficiency underlies susceptibility to EV-HPV infections.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is characterized by persistent cutaneous lesions caused by a specific group of related human papillomavirus genotypes (EV-HPVs) in otherwise healthy individuals. Autosomal recessive (AR) EVER1 and EVER2 deficiencies account for two thirds of known cases of EV. AR RHOH deficiency has recently been described in two siblings with EV-HPV infections as well as other infectious and tumoral manifestations.

EVER2 deficiency is associated with mild T-cell abnormalities.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by persistent flat warts or pityriasis versicolor-like lesions caused by betapapillomaviruses (EV-HPVs). Autosomal recessive EVER1 and EVER2 deficiencies account for EV in most patients. The mechanisms by which mutations in these partners of the Zinc transporter ZnT1 impair host defense against EV-HPVs are still poorly understood.

Human RHOH deficiency causes T cell defects and susceptibility to EV-HPV infections.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to specific human papillomaviruses, the betapapillomaviruses. These EV-HPVs cause warts and increase the risk of skin carcinomas in otherwise healthy individuals. Inactivating mutations in epidermodysplasia verruciformis 1 (EVER1) or EVER2 have been identified in most, but not all, patients with autosomal recessive EV.

[Genetics and susceptibility to human papillomaviruses: epidermodysplasia verruciformis, a disease model].

The outcomes of infection by human papillomaviruses (HPV), both oncogenic and non oncogenic, show major interindividual variability The underlying genetic factors and mechanisms are poorly known, but their complexity is illustrated by epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with a high risk of non melanoma skin cancer. This model disease is characterized by abnormal susceptibility to widespread betapapillomaviruses, including HPV-5, a virus associated with EV cancers. Most cases of EV are caused by a mutation that inactivates either of two related genes, EVER1 and EVER2.

Acceptance of NCPAP in a sample of patients admitted for geriatric rehabilitation.

Objective: Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is common in older people. Nasal continuous airway pressure (NCPAP) therapy is the treatment of choice for sleep apnea, but is not always accepted by patients. The rate of successful initiation of NCPAP is unknown in geriatric patients.

Host defenses against human papillomaviruses: lessons from epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare, autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with a high risk of skin carcinoma (MIM 226400). EV is characterized by the abnormal susceptibility of otherwise healthy patients to infection by specific, weakly virulent human papillomaviruses (HPVs), including the potentially oncogenic HPV-5. Inactivating mutations in either of the related EVER1/TMC6 and EVER2/TMC8 genes cause most EV cases.

Cyclical nocturnal oxygen desaturation and impact on activities of daily living in elderly patients.

It is well known, that sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with functional impairment in stroke patients. In elderly non-stroke subjects this relation is unclear. We evaluated 539 elderly patients (median age was 81 years, range 41 to 100 years).

Genital warts in Burmeister's porpoises: characterization of Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV-1) and evidence for a second, distantly related PsPV.

We identified sequences from two distantly related papillomaviruses in genital warts from two Burmeister's porpoises, including a PV antigen-positive specimen, and characterized Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV-1). The PsPV-1 genome comprises 7879 nt and presents unusual features. It lacks an E7, an E8 and a bona fide E5 open reading frame (ORF) and has a large E6 ORF.

Human papillomavirus: cause of epithelial lacrimal sac neoplasia?

Purpose: Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal sac are rare but important entities that may carry grave prognoses. In this study the prevalence and possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in epithelial tumours of the lacrimal sac were evaluated.

Methods: Five papillomas and six carcinomas of the lacrimal sac were investigated for the presence of HPV using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Genetics of epidermodysplasia verruciformis: Insights into host defense against papillomaviruses.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with a high risk of skin carcinoma. EV results from an abnormal susceptibility to infection by specific human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes (beta-papillomaviruses) which include the potentially oncogenic HPV5. EV-specific HPVs are considered as harmless for the general population.

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus E8 protein is essential for wart formation and provides new insights into viral pathogenesis.

The cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) a and b subtypes display a conserved E8 open reading frame encoding a 50-amino-acid hydrophobic protein, with structural similarities to the E5 transmembrane oncoprotein of genital human PVs (HPVs). CRPV E8 has been reported to play a role in papilloma growth but not to be essential in papilloma formation. Here we report that the knockout of E8 start codon almost prevented wart induction upon biobalistic inoculation of viral DNA onto rabbit skin.

Genomic organization of amplified MYC genes suggests distinct mechanisms of amplification in tumorigenesis.

Integration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome into the host genome is associated with the disruption of the HPV E2 gene and with amplification and rearrangement of the viral and flanking cellular sequences. Molecular characterization of the genomic structures of coamplified HPV sequences and oncogenes provides essential information concerning the mechanisms of amplification and their roles in carcinogenesis. Using fluorescent hybridization on stretched DNA molecules in two cervical cancer-derived cell lines, we have elucidated the genomic structures of amplified regions containing HPV/myc genes over several hundreds of kilobases.

Severe cutaneous papillomavirus disease after haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with severe combined immune deficiency caused by common gammac cytokine receptor subunit or JAK-3 deficiency.

Haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a life-saving treatment for severe combined immune deficiency. However, there has been little long-term follow-up of this treatment. There is evidence for the persistance of partial immunodeficiency associated with significant infections, including severe human papillomavirus (HPV) disease.