Currently, the global lifespan has increased, resulting in a higher proportion of the population over 65 years. Changes that occur in the lung during aging increase the risk of developing acute and chronic lung diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. During normal tissue homeostasis, cell proliferation and apoptosis create a dynamic balance that constitutes the physiological cell turnover.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn many forensic cases, the identification of human remains is performed by comparing their genetic profile with profiles from reference samples of relatives, usually the parents. Here, we report, for the first time, the identification of the remains of an adult using DNA from the person's deciduous teeth as a reference sample. Fragments of a skeletonized and burned body were found, and a short tandem repeat (STR) profile was obtained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
July 2023
Aging-related molecular and cellular alterations in the lung contribute to an increased susceptibility of the elderly to devastating diseases. Although the study of the aging process in the lung may benefit from the use of genetically modified mouse models and omics techniques, these approaches are still not available to most researchers and produce complex results. In this article, we review works that used naturally aged mouse models, together with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative morphologic (QM) methods in the study of the mechanisms of the aging process in the lung and its most commonly associated disorders: cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and infectious diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe recovery of additional mandibular fossils from the Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH) site provides new insights into the evolutionary significance of this sample. In particular, morphological descriptions of the new adult specimens are provided, along with standardized metric data and phylogenetically relevant morphological features for the expanded adult sample. The new and more complete specimens extend the known range of variation in the Atapuerca (SH) mandibles in some metric and morphological details.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNestin is a member of the intermediate filament family, which is expressed in a variety of stem or progenitor cells as well as in several types of malignancies. Nestin might be involved in tissue homeostasis or repair, but its expression has also been associated with processes that lead to a poor prognosis in various types of cancer. In this article, we review the literature related to the effect of nestin expression in the lung.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with high rates of severe thoracolumbar fractures, in many cases with neurological deficits. It is currently a point of debate as to whether the optimal surgical treatment is posterior fixation and fusion or combined approaches. Vascular injuries in this kind of fracture are a challenging issue to solve in the management of these patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The diameter and area of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are of the main parameters analyzed in stereological studies of the kidney. However, there is no consensus about if the PCT and DCT should be considered circular or elliptical in shape.
Objective: To analyze if there are significant differences in the diameter and area of the PCT and DCT, depending on whether they are considered circular or elliptical.
genus consists of shrubs and small trees. Four toxic compounds have been isolated from plants, which were typified as dimeric anthracenones and named T496, T514, T516, and T544. Moreover, several related compounds have been isolated and characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)
September 2020
Meningiomas are tumors of the cerebral meninges, with slow growth and usually benign, whose treatment is essentially surgery. They have progesterone receptors, and to a lesser extent estrogen, which sometimes causes them to have growth or involution linked to hormonal treatment. Its spontaneous involution is extremely rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeroxisomicine A1 (PA1) is a potential antineoplastic agent with high and selective toxicity toward peroxisomes of tumor cells. Pexophagy is a selective autophagy process that degrades damaged peroxisomes; this process has been studied mainly in methylotrophic yeasts. There are two main modes of pexophagy in yeast: macropexophagy and micropexophagy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging is associated with changes in the structure and function of the lung that may increase susceptibility to chronic lung diseases. The aim of this study was the morphometric assessment of the non-epithelial areas of the bronchioles of mouse through the normal aging process. Lungs from CD1 mice at the age of 2, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months were fixed in neutral-buffered formalin and paraffin-embedded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)
October 2019
Objective: To analyze the current situation in Spain of the use of Social Media in Neurosurgery.
Materials And Methods: We made an observational transversal study between February and March 2017, with a systematic search of the Facebook, Twitter and Youtube accounts from public and private neurosurgical units, scientific societies, peer-reviewed publications and patients groups in relation with Neurosurgical pathologies. We rank them according their popularity.
Introduction: In our setting, the ageing of the population has led to management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the later stages of life becoming an increasingly frequent problem.
Aim: To evaluate the association between age and the functional and survival prognosis of patients who have undergone surgery due to TBI.
Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 404 patients submitted to surgery between the years 2000 and 2015: 144 youngsters (12-44 years), 77 adults (45-64 years), 148 geriatric patients (65-79 years) and 26 'super geriatric' patients (> 80 years).
The multidrug resistance gene 1 () encodes a membrane-bound phosphoglycoprotein (P-gp). It functions as a transmembrane efflux pump for various structurally unrelated carcinogens and toxins. Polymorphism C3435T of has been investigated for its association with breast cancer in different populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To report a case of anterior sacral meningocele with intralesional bleeding secondary to sacrococcygeal trauma. Likewise, there is a discussion about the physiopathology and the surgical approach to these types of lesions.
Methods: A 43-year-old man diagnosed with Marfan syndrome suffered sacrococcygeal trauma.
Traumatic cervical severe spondylolisthesis is a rare and severe lesion which is typically associated with a spinal cord injury. Nevertheless, it occasionally has a pauci-symptomatic course which may delay its diagnosis. The authors report an exceptional case of a 33-year-old woman who had mild spasticity in her lower limbs and neck pain 9 months after a traffic accident.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocirugia (Astur)
September 2018
Arterial neurovascular compression is hypothesised to be the main cause of primary trigeminal neuralgia. Although it is the most common cause, other pathologies, such as tumours in the cerebellopontine angle, can cause trigeminal pain. We report a case of a 44-year-old female patient with right trigeminal neuralgia without satisfactory response to medical treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Aging is associated with changes in the lung that leads to a decrease in its function. Alterations in structure and function in the small airways are well recognized in chronic lung diseases. The aim of this study was the assessment of cell turnover in the bronchiolar epithelium of mouse through the normal aging process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBite mark evidence has been repeatedly found in criminal cases. Physical comparison of a bite mark to the teeth of available suspects may not always be possible. Experimental studies have shown that the analysis of DNA present in the saliva recovered from bite marks might help in the identification of individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegeneration of the lung airway epithelium after injury has been extensively studied. In contrast, analysis of its turnover in healthy adulthood has received little attention. In the classical view, this epithelium is maintained in the steady-state by the infrequent proliferation of basal or Clara cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of phase II metabolizing enzymes involved in carcinogen detoxification and the metabolism of various bioactive compounds. Several genes that code for these enzymes are polymorphic in an ethnicity-dependent manner, with particular genotypes previously associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequencies of polymorphisms in the genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM3 and to investigate whether an association exists between these genes and breast cancer risk in subjects from northeastern Mexico.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study describes a new juvenile hominin mandible and teeth and a new juvenile humerus from level V of the GP2 gallery of Cova del Gegant (Spain). The mandible (Gegant-5) preserves a portion of the right mandibular corpus from the M1 distally to the socket for the dc mesially, and the age at death is estimated as 4.5-5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElusive tumours in the spine, most of them schwannomas of the cauda equina, have been reported very rarely. We present the case of a woman with a preoperative radiological diagnosis of schwannoma at D10 level in whom a laminectomy was performed to remove the tumour. Although the laminectomy was correctly positioned, there was no tumour upon opening the dura and the laminectomy had to be extended cephalad to find and remove the tumour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: p53 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in preventing cancer development. p53 participates in relevant aspects of cell biology, including apoptosis and cell cycle control and must be strictly regulated to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. p53 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (Mdm2) is an important negative regulator of p53.
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