The influence of meat consumption on dietary data, iron status and serum lipid parameters in young women.

In a group of 130 women of fertile age (24.5 +/- 2.7 years), the consumption of meat and meat products was evaluated in order to determine the effect of this food group on blood and biochemical parameters that act as indicators of iron status, and on a range of serum lipid parameters that indicate cardiovascular risk.

Ascorbic acid levels in maternal milk: differences with respect to ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the relationship between ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy and levels of this vitamin in transition milk (days 13-14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). To this end, the pregnancies and lactation periods of fifty-seven healthy women between 18 and 35 years of age (27 (SD 3.7) years) were monitored.

[Iron supplementation during pregnancy. Standards and alternatives].

The requirements of iron during gestation are very high and it is difficult to meet them, especially in women who go into a pregnancy with an exhausted storage of the mineral. In industrialized societies there is controversy regarding the usefulness or lack of supplementation. In some cases one recommends a routine iron supplementation during the second half of the pregnancy, in order to improve the situation of all women.

[Efficiency of investigators in recruitment of patients for clinical trials: apropos of a multinational study].

Background: Performance and efficiency in patient selection are essential for conducting clinical trials. Data on these are presented from a multinational trial.

Patients And Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in asthma, with a screening phase followed after randomization by a treatment period, was selected.

Simultaneous transesophageal atrial pacing and transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgical patients.

Objectives: To measure the effect of inserting a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe on the pacing threshold of a previously inserted transesophageal pacing stethoscope, and to examine whether an indwelling pacing stethoscope influences the feasibility and image quality of a TEE examination.

Design: Prospective, open study using each patient as his/her own control.

Setting: Cardiac operating room of an academic medical center.

Difference in the breakfast habits of overweight/obese and normal weight schoolchildren.

The aim of the present study was to analyse the differences between the breakfast habits of obese/overweight (O) (those with body mass index [BMI] above the 75th percentile) and normal weight schoolchildren (N) (those with BMI equal to or below the 75th percentile). A seven consecutive days "food record" was used to record the intake of foods at breakfast and throughout the rest of the day. O subjects, and in particular female O subjects, omitted breakfast more frequently and took significantly smaller quantities of cereals than did N subjects.

Is obesity worth treating in the elderly?

Obesity is associated with a range of health problems and affects an increasing number of people. However, the body mass index (BMI) that is associated with minimum mortality increases with age. Therefore, when a bodyweight loss programme is initiated, the possible benefits should be carefully measured against the potential risks.

The importance of breakfast in meeting daily recommended calcium intake in a group of schoolchildren.

Objective: To evaluate the breakfast intake of calcium and milk products and to determine whether these correlate with total intake of both calcium and milk products.

Methods: Food taken at breakfast and throughout the day was recorded using a 7 consecutive day food record in 200 schoolchildren aged between 9 and 13 years.

Results: 65.

[Vitamin A concentration in maternal milk: the effect of intake and serum levels of vitamin A during the third trimester of pregnancy].

Background: Breast fed newborns depend on maternal milk for their supply of vitamin A. A deficiency of this vitamin is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The present study investigates whether the nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy conditions vitamin A levels in maternal milk.

Dietary intake and cognitive function in a group of elderly people.

Associations between dietary intake and cognitive performance were examined in 260 elderly people aged 65-90 y who were free of significant cognitive impairment. Dietary intake was monitored with a weighed-food record for 7 consecutive days. The subjects' cognitive capacity was tested by using Folstein et al's Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Pfeiffer's Mental Status Questionnaire (PMSQ).

Vitamin A status during the third trimester of pregnancy in Spanish women: influence on concentrations of vitamin A in breast milk.

We examined the relation between the vitamin A status of Spanish women during pregnancy and concentrations of vitamin A in breast milk. The subjects were 57 healthy, lactating women aged 18-35 y. Vitamin A intake was determined during the third trimester of pregnancy by using a 5-d dietary record that included a Sunday and by recording the quantities provided by supplements.

The female Spanish population: a group at risk of nutritional iron deficiency.

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. It is frequent in both developed and developing countries and mainly affects women of childbearing age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency in a group of young women from Madrid, Spain.

Concern regarding bodyweight and energy balance in a group of female university students from Madrid: differences with respect to body mass index.

Objective: There are powerful social and psychological motivators that oblige a high proportion of women to restrict their energy intake for purely aesthetic reasons. The purpose of this research was to assess the relationships between concern regarding body weight and energy balance in a group of female university students from Madrid, Spain, with respect to differences in body mass index (BMI).

Design: 126 subjects completed a questionnaire asking if they were happy with their body weight, if they considered themselves fat, and if they would like to lose some weight.

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on a burn wound model in human volunteers.

A previous nonblinded study has suggested beneficial effects from hyperbaric oxygen treatment of superficial partial-thickness radiation burns in human volunteers. This protocol was designed to either confirm or challenge these previous findings in a randomized, blinded format. Twelve healthy, nonsmoking volunteers (7 males, 5 females) participated.

Zinc levels in maternal milk: the influence of nutritional status with respect to zinc during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Objective: To study the relationship between nutritional status with respect to zinc during the third trimester of pregnancy and levels of the same mineral in transition milk (days 13 and 14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation).

Design: Longitudinal study.

Subjects: A group of 57 healthy, lactating mothers aged between 18 and 35 y (27 +/- 3.

Concern about nutrition and its relation to the food habits of a group of young university students from Madrid (Spain).

The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between concern about nutrition and food consumption in 533 university students (112 men and 421 women), aged 21.7 +/- 2.1 years old.

Differences in diet and food habits between patients with gallstones and controls.

Objective: To compare the food, energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake of patients with gallstones to those of a control group of similar demographic characteristics.

Design: Patient-control study.

Subjects: 54 gallstone patients and 46 control subjects.

The relationship between breakfast and whole diet energy profiles in a group of preschool children.

The energy profile of the diet of the Spanish population is imbalanced, showing excessive intake of fats and protein and insufficient intake of carbohydrates. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this imbalance also existed in 110 preschool children between 2 and 6 years of age, and to examine the relationship between their breakfast and whole diet energy profiles. The results obtained show that subjects who consumed less carbohydrate (< 50% of energy intake) or more fat (> 35% of total intake) at breakfast showed poorer energy profiles and poorer fat quality over their whole diet.

Influence of the number of meals taken per day on cardiovascular risk factors and the energy and nutrient intakes of a group of elderly people.

The aim of this investigation was to analyse the influence of the number of meals per day on a range of cardiovascular risk factors and on the energy and nutrient intakes of a group of elderly people. The participants in this study were 150 elderly people (64 men and 86 women) from Madrid. Food intake was followed over a period of 5 days.

Folate and vitamin B12 status in a group of preschool children.

Unlabelled: An adequate intake of folates and vitamin B12 is essential for the rapid growth rates characteristic of infancy. However, little information exists on the prevalence of deficiencies of these nutrients in preschool children. The status of these vitamins was therefore evaluated in a group of 79 children between 2 and 6 years of age.