The Safety and Efficacy of (Bitter Orange) Extracts and -Synephrine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Synephrine has been used to promote weight loss; however, its safety and efficacy have not been fully established. The goals of our study were to give an overview of the safety and efficacy of -synephrine, to systematically evaluate its efficacy regarding weight loss and to assess its safety, focusing on its cardiovascular side effects in a meta-analysis. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase were searched for relevant studies.

A Systematic Review of the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed: Tendencies in Illegal Food Supplements for Weight Loss.

: Slimming products represent a dynamically growing group of food supplements worldwide. The efficacy of safely usable natural ingredients is usually below consumers' expectations. Certain manufacturers add unauthorized or prohibited ingredients to weight loss supplements in order to increase their efficacy.

Effects of SLC22A1 Polymorphisms on Metformin-Induced Reductions in Adiposity and Metformin Pharmacokinetics in Obese Children With Insulin Resistance.

Steady-state population pharmacokinetics of a noncommercial immediate-release metformin (hydrochloride) drug product were characterized in 28 severely obese children with insulin resistance. The concentration-time profiles with double peaks were well described by a 1-compartment model with 2 absorption sites. Mean population apparent clearance (CL/F) was 68.

Flavonoids from Cyclopia genistoides and Their Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity.

The present paper reports the chemical analysis of the methanolic extracts of fermented and non-fermented Cyclopia genistoides herbs and an investigation of the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the isolated constituents. Chemical analysis of the leaves and stems of C. genistoides yielded the isolation and identification of two benzophenone glucosides, iriflophenone 2-O-β-glucopyranoside (1) and iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucopyranoside (2), two pterocarpans, (6aR,11aR)-(-)-2-methoxymaackiain (5) and (6aR,11aR)-(-)-maackiain (6), along with the flavanones liquiritigenin (9) and hesperetin (10), the flavone diosmetin (11), the isoflavones afrormosin (7) and formononetin (8), piceol (3), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehid (4).

Chemical composition of essential oils of Grindelia squarrosa and G. hirsutula.

The essential oils of Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal and G. hirsutula Hook. & Am.

Sympathomimetic activity of a Hoodia gordonii product: a possible mechanism of cardiovascular side effects.

Hoodia gordonii, a popular appetite suppressant, is widely used as an ingredient in many food supplements despite the fact that supporting scientific evidence is scarce. Recently alarming side effects of H. gordonii products (increased blood pressure and elevated pulse rate) have been reported.