Underestimated economic and social burdens of non-Typhoidal Salmonella infections: The One Health perspective from Nigeria.

Background: The non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) is a pathogenic bacterial zoonosis with substantial but often under-appreciated public health impacts. The NTS is prevalent in poultry and humans in Nigeria, yet its economic and social burden have not been determined through any empirical study. To bridge the gap, we evaluated the impact of NTS in social and economic terms.

Data on antimicrobial use in livestock: Lessons from Uganda.

In 2016, the General Assembly of the United Nations recognised inappropriate Antimicrobial Use (AMU) in livestock as one of the leading causes of increasing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). This is happening at a time when livestock production is expected to increase dramatically particularly in Africa, in response to the large rise in aggregate demand due to population growth, urbanisation and increasing income levels. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and appropriateness of AMU in livestock in this region is of utmost importance, yet data is seldom available.

Placing a monetary value on the human health component of zoonotic diseases: A methodological note with an application to cysticercosis in Africa.

Ideally, policies aiming to tackle zoonotic diseases in animals and reduce the burden of disease in humans should be based on an assessment of the cost and benefits of alternative interventions. However, while the cost of actions targeting diseases in animals and humans and the benefits in terms of increased livestock production can be monetized, it is a challenge to monetize improvements in the quality of life or to life expectancy extensions in humans in zoonotic policy evaluations. This paper proposes a method to monetize the human health benefits derived from zoonotic disease reduction and applies it to cysticercosis in Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.