High-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) image series from 413 canid and 18 felid skulls.

Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive, three-dimensional imaging tool used in medical imaging, forensic science, industry and engineering, anthropology, and archaeology. The current study used high-resolution medical CT scanning of 431 animal skulls, including 399 dog skulls from 152 breeds, 14 cat skulls from 9 breeds, 14 skulls from 8 wild canid species (gray wolf, golden jackal, coyote, maned wolf, bush dog, red fox, Fennec fox, bat-eared fox), and 4 skulls from 4 wild felid species (wildcat, leopard, serval, caracal). This comprehensive and unique collection of CT image series of skulls can provide a solid foundation not only for comparative anatomical and evolutionary studies but also for the advancement of veterinary education, virtual surgery planning, and the facilitation of training in sophisticated machine learning methodologies.

CT reconstruction based 3D model of the digital cushion's blood supply in the hind foot of an African savanna elephant ().

Introduction: Foot health is crucial for elephants, as pathological lesions of the feet are a leading cause of euthanasia in captive elephants, which are endangered species. Proper treatment of the feet, particularly in conditions affecting the digits and the digital cushion, requires a thorough understanding of the underlying anatomy. However, only limited literature exists due to the small population and the epidemiological foot diseases which often precludes many deceased elephants from scientific study.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) adenocarcinoma investigation with various diagnostic imaging techniques.

Diagnostic imaging techniques provide a new aspect of the ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostics in fish medicine. Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide more information about the internal organs and pathognomic lesions. The authors used diagnostic imaging techniques to evaluate and describe the neoplastic malformation in a 3-year-old female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

CT based 3D reconstruction of the forefoot's blood supply in a white rhinoceros.

Background: The white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is close to extinction, listed as "Near Threatened", with a decreasing population on the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In at least 50% of the specimens in captivity, podiatric diseases, such as osteitis, osteomyelitis, chip fractures, enthesophytes, fractures and osteoarthritis were found during necropsy. These osteal deformations cause further pathogenic alterations in the soft tissues, particularly in the digital cushion.

3D Reconstruction of the Blood Supply in an Elephant's Forefoot Using Fused CT and MRI Sequences.

Being the largest still-living terrestrial mammal on earth, an elephant's feet play an important role in its health status. The musculoskeletal structures in the forefoot are well described in the literature, but information about vascularization is limited. The novel aim of this work is to provide anatomical guidance to structures found in the forefoot, focusing on the arterial system.

Vascular supply of the metacarpophalangeal joint.

Objective: To describe in detail the arterial vasculature of metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 on cadaver specimens and to compare it to ultrasound imaging of healthy subjects.

Methods: Eighteen hands of donated human cadavers were arterially injected and investigated with either corrosion casting or cryosectioning. Each layer of cryosectioned specimens was photographed in high-resolution.

Three-dimensional structure of the basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

The middle turbinate's basal lamella (3BL) is a variable landmark which needs to be understood in endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery. It comprises an anterior frontal and a posterior horizontal part and appears in its simplest depiction to be "L"-shaped, when viewed laterally. In this study we analyzed its 3D morphology and variations focusing on a precise and systematic description of the anatomy.

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs.

The development of heart failure is the most powerful predictor of long-term mortality in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (MI). There is an unmet clinical need for prevention and therapy of post-myocardial infarction heart failure (post-MI HF). Clinically relevant pig models of post-MI HF are prerequisites for final proof-of-concept studies before entering into clinical trials in drug and medical device development.

Creating a cross-sectional, CT and MR atlas of the Pannon minipig.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create a detailed cross-sectional anatomical reference atlas of the Pannon minipig by correlating good resolution CT and MR images with high quality cross-sectional anatomical images. According to the authors knowledge, no detailed anatomical atlas is available for the minipig.

Material And Method: An adult female minipig was utilized for this purpose.

Digital Endocasting in Comparative Canine Brain Morphology.

Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most useful techniques for digitizing bone structures and making endocranial models from the neurocranium. The resulting digital endocasts reflect the morphology of the brain and the associated structures. Our first aim was to document the methodology behind creating detailed digital endocasts of canine skulls.

A different technique for sutureless coronary bypass grafting.

Introduction: Many coronary anastomotic devices have been designed to replace manual stitching in coronary surgery; however, interestingly, none of them became widespread. Our aim was to work out an easy and fast endoluminal vessel-to-vessel stent bridge distal anastomotic technique.

Materials And Methods: Ten coronary arteries of eight fresh human hearts were used in this study.

A detailed canine brain label map for neuroimaging analysis.

Background And Aims: Dogs have recently become an important model species for comparative social and cognitive neuroscience. Brain template-related label maps are essential for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis, to localize neural responses. In this study, we present a detailed, individual-based, T1-weighted MRI-based brain label map used in dog neuroimaging analysis.

MRI, CT and high resolution macro-anatomical images with cryosectioning of a Beagle brain: Creating the base of a multimodal imaging atlas.

Most common methods that directly show macro- or microscopic anatomy of the brain usually require the removal of the organ from the neurocranium. However, the brain can be revealed in situ by using proper sectioning techniques. Our aim was to both improve the cryosectioning method, test its limits and create a high-resolution macro-anatomical image series of a Beagle brain, which at the time of the study did not exist.

Transcriptional Alterations by Ischaemic Postconditioning in a Pig Infarction Model: Impact on Microvascular Protection.

Although the application of cardioprotective ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) stimuli after myocardial infarction (MI) is a promising concept for salvaging the myocardium, translation to a clinical scenario has not fulfilled expectations. We have previously shown that in pigs, ischaemic postconditioning (IPostC) reduces myocardial oedema and microvascular obstruction (MVO), without influencing myocardial infarct size. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the IPostC-induced microvascular protection by transcriptomic analysis, followed by pathway analysis.

Linear relationship found by magnetic resonance imaging between cerebrospinal fluid volume and body weight in dogs.

Despite numerous studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its importance during hydrocephalus or myelography, no reliable values exist about its overall volume in dogs. In this study, our aim was to measure the intracranial (IC) volume of CSF in dogs and assess its possible relationship with body size and the symmetry of the lateral ventricles. We ran a 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence on the central nervous system of 12 healthy, male mongrel dogs between 3-5 years of age and 7.

COMPARISON BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ESTIMATES OF EXTRACRANIAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID VOLUME AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS IN HEALTHY DOGS.

Dosages for myelography procedures in dogs are based on a hypothetical proportional relationship between bodyweight and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume. Anecdotal radiographic evidence and recent studies have challenged the existence of such a defined relationship in dogs. The objectives of this prospective cross-sectional study were to describe CSF volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a group of clinically healthy dogs, measure the accuracy of MRI CSF volumes, and compare MRI CSF volumes with dog physical measurements.

Valvuloplasty with a paclitaxel-eluting balloon prevents restenosis in an experimental animal model of aortic stenosis.

Background And Aim Of The Study: Restenosis occurs invariably within 12 months following balloon valvuloplasty (BAV) in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and is a limiting factor of this treatment. Cellular proliferation secondary to balloon injury is thought to play a pivotal role in the mechanism of restenosis. The study aim was to investigate the potential role of a paclitaxel-eluting valvuloplasty balloon to mitigate the progression of restenosis in an animal model of CAVD.

Preclinical randomised safety, efficacy and physiologic study of the silicon dioxide inert-coated Axetis and bare metal stent: short-, mid- and long-term outcome.

Aims: To evaluate the short-, mid- and long-term safety, efficacy and vascular physiology of Axetis silicon dioxide (SiO2, abrading the micropores) inert-coated stent implantation in a randomised preclinical setting.

Methods And Results: Coronary arteries of domestic pigs were randomised to receive either Axetis or BMS (same design) stents with one-, three- and six-month follow-up (FUP), controlled by coronary angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histology (n=32). The time-dependent vasomotor reaction of coronary arteries to stenting was measured using modified myography (n=12).

Long-acting beneficial effect of percutaneously intramyocardially delivered secretome of apoptotic peripheral blood cells on porcine chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.

The quantity of cells with paracrine effects for use in myocardial regeneration therapy is limited. This study investigated the effects of catheter-based endomyocardial delivery of secretome of 2.5 × 10(9) apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (APOSEC) on porcine chronic post-myocardial infarction (MI) left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and on gene expression.

Evaluation of experimental myocardial infarction models via electromechanical mapping and magnetic resonance imaging.

The diagnostic characteristics of electromechanical mapping (EMM) were evaluated in porcine myocardial infarction (MI) models with the parallel application of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) from the aspect of different pathophysiology and localization. Balloon occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD balloon group) or coil deployment in the LAD (LAD coil group) or circumflex artery (Cx coil group) was applied percutaneously in 16 domestic pigs. Regional left ventricular viability data were captured via cMRI and EMM.

'Monster… -omics': on segmentation, re-segmentation, and vertebrae formation in amphibians and other vertebrates.

Background: The axial skeleton is one of the defining evolutionary landmarks of vertebrates. How this structure develops and how it has evolved in the different vertebrate lineages is, however, a matter of debate. Vertebrae and vertebral structures are derived from the embryonic somites, although the mechanisms of development are different between lineages.

Time course of endothelium-dependent and -independent coronary vasomotor response to coronary balloons and stents. Comparison of plain and drug-eluting balloons and stents.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the time dependency of the endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responses after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting (DEB) or plain balloons, bare-metal (BMS), and drug-eluting (DES) stents, or controls.

Background: Long-term endothelial dysfunction after DES implantation is associated with delayed healing and late thrombosis.

Methods: Domestic pigs underwent PCI using DEB or plain balloon, BMS, or DES.

Drug-eluting introducer sheath prevents local peripheral complications: pre-clinical evaluation of nitric oxide-coated sheath.

Objectives: This study evaluated the protective effect of nitric oxide-coating of introducer sheath on the local complications in juvenile porcine femoral arteries with similar size to human radial arteries.

Background: Insertion of an introducer sheath induces vasospasm and transient or permanent vessel occlusion of radial arteries.

Methods: Nitric oxide-coated or control introducer sheaths with or without spasmolytic cocktail (control + C-sheath) were inserted into porcine femoral arteries, followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).