Emergent Noninvertible Symmetries in N=4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory.

One of the simplest examples of noninvertible symmetries in higher dimensions appears in 4D Maxwell theory, where its SL(2,Z) duality group can be combined with gauging subgroups of its electric and magnetic 1-form symmetries to yield such defects at many different values of the coupling. Even though N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory also has an SL(2,Z) duality group, it only seems to share two types of such noninvertible defects with Maxwell theory (known as duality and triality defects). Motivated by this apparent difference, we begin our investigation of the fate of these symmetries by studying the case of 4D N=4 U(1) gauge theory, which contains Maxwell theory in its content.

Single versus bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in patients with impaired renal function.

Objective: The optimal strategy for surgical revascularization in patients with impaired renal function is inconclusive. We compared early and late outcomes between bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) and single ITA (SITA) grafting in patients with renal dysfunction.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all the patients with multivessel disease and impaired renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60mL/min/1.

Saphenous Vein vs Arterial Graft to the Right System in Left-Sided Arterial Revascularization.

Background: To investigate clinical outcomes of various arterial grafts (AGs) vs saphenous vein grafts (VGs) to the right coronary system in patients who received left-sided bilateral internal thoracic artery revascularization.

Methods: We compared short- and long-term outcomes of all the patients operated in our center during 1996-2011, who received left-sided bilateral internal thoracic artery (left anterior descending and left circumflex) grafting and either a VG or an AG to the right coronary system.

Results: Of 1691 patients, 983 received a VG and 708 received an AG to the right coronary system: 387 gastroepiploic arteries and 321 internal thoracic artery grafts.

Early and late outcomes of single versus bilateral internal thoracic artery revascularization for patients in critical condition.

Objective: The optimal surgical approach for critically ill patients with complex coronary disease remains uncertain. We compared outcomes of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) versus single ITA (SITA) revascularization in critical patients.

Methods: We evaluated 394 consecutive critical patients with multi-vessel disease who underwent CABG during 1996-2001.

Between Symmetry and Duality in Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theories.

We study two cases of interrelations between the enhancement of symmetries in the infrared (IR) and duality properties of supersymmetric quantum field theories in four dimensions. First, we discuss an SU(2) N=1 model with four flavors, singlet fields, and a superpotential. We show that this model flows to a conformal field theory with E_{6}×U(1) global symmetry.