Importance: Clinical research has shown that persistent negative beliefs maintain depression and that subanesthetic ketamine infusions induce rapid antidepressant responses.
Objective: To evaluate whether ketamine alters belief updating and how such cognitive effects are associated with the clinical effects of ketamine.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This study used an observational case-control protocol with a mixed-effects design that nested 2 groups by 2 testing time points.