Rethinking bicycle helmets as a preventive tool: a 4-year review of bicycle injuries.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of disability in bicycle riders. Preventive measures including bicycle helmet laws have been highlighted; however, its protective role has always been debated. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of bicycle helmets in prevention of intra-cranial hemorrhage.

A second look at the utility of serial routine repeat computed tomographic scans in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Background: The practice of a routine repeat head computed tomographic scans in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is under question. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of a more than 1 repeat head computed tomography (M1CT) scans in patients with TBI.

Methods: We performed a 3-year analysis of a prospectively collected database of all TBI patients presenting to our level I trauma center.

Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Trauma Patients.

Importance: Domestic violence is an extremely underreported crime and a growing social problem in the United States. However, the true burden of the problem remains unknown.

Objective: To assess the reported prevalence of domestic violence among trauma patients.

Impact of Hemorrhagic Shock on Pituitary Function.

Background: Hypopituitarism after hypovolemic shock is well established in certain patient cohorts. However; the effects of hemorrhagic shock on pituitary function in trauma patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess pituitary hormone variations in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock.

Certified acute care surgery programs improve outcomes in patients undergoing emergency surgery: A nationwide analysis.

Background: Differences in outcomes among trauma centers (TCs) and non-TCs (NTCs) in patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) are well established. However; the impact of development of certified acute care surgery (ACS) programs on patient outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients undergoing EGS across TCs, NTCs, and TCs with ACS (ACS-TC).

Public exposure due to external gamma background radiation in boundary areas of Iran.

A monitoring program in boundary areas of a country is an appropriate way to indicate the level of public exposure. In this research, gamma background radiation was measured using TL dosimeters at 12 boundary areas as well as in the capital city of Iran during the period 2010 to 2011. The measurements were carried out in semi-annual time intervals from January to June and July to December in each year.

Evaluation of Effective Sources in Uncertainty Measurements of Personal Dosimetry by a Harshaw TLD System.

Background: The accurate results of the individual doses in personal dosimety which are reported by the service providers in personal dosimetry are very important. There are national / international criteria for acceptable dosimetry system performance. Objective : In this research, the sources of uncertainties are identified, measured and calculated in a personal dosimetry system by TLD.

Study of runaway electrons using dosimetry of hard x-ray radiations in Damavand tokamak.

In this work several studies have been conducted on hard x-ray emissions of Damavand tokamak based on radiation dosimetry using the Thermoluminescence method. The goal was to understand interactions of runaway electrons with plasma particles, vessel wall, and plasma facing components. Total of 354 GR-200 (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) crystals have been placed on 118 points--three TLDs per point--to map hard x-ray radiation doses on the exterior of the vacuum vessel.

Doses to the scanned individual and to the operator from an X-ray body scanner system.

The X-ray body scanner (BS) is going to find common use as a body-checking equipment at the entrance borders of countries, to find illicit drugs or forbidden items which have been hidden inside the body cavities, or attached to the body parts of the passengers. Considering the tissue weighting factors of the sensitive organs, the total effective dose due to the scanning by the system was estimated to be 3.8 µSv per scan.