Management and surveillance of metastatic giant cell tumour of bone.

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is viewed as a benign, locally aggressive primary bone tumour with metastatic potential. Current management is surgery with bone curettage or resection and systemic therapy with denosumab. Diagnosis is confirmed histologically prior to surgery, with staging for pulmonary disease, as pulmonary metastases (PM) reportedly occur in <8%.

The mitotic rate as a prognostic biomarker after preoperative radiotherapy for high-grade limb/trunk soft tissue sarcoma.

Purpose: Currently there is no generally accepted standardized approach for the pathological evaluation of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) histology appearance after preoperative radiotherapy (PORT). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of pathological appearance after PORT for patients with high-grade limb/trunk STS.

Methods: A cohort of 116 patients with high-grade STS of the limb/trunk treated with PORT followed by resection were evaluated.

The safe surgical margin in Ewing's sarcoma.

Introduction: There is recent evidence advocating the use of post-chemotherapy MRI for safe resection of primary bone sarcoma in providing a clear margin of disease. This paper challenges this view by providing evidence obtained from comparing surgical resection margin measurements calculated off the pre- and post-chemotherapy MRIs to the post-operative histological analysis.

Method: A retrospective patho-radiological analysis of 10 patients treated for long bone Ewing's sarcoma.

The role of intraoperative cell salvage for musculoskeletal sarcoma surgery.

Background: The efficacy and safety of cell salvage for musculoskeletal sarcoma surgery have not been reported, and concerns over re-infusion of tumour cells remain. This study aims to i) describe the intra-operative blood loss and cell salvage reinfusion volumes for lower limb sarcoma and pelvic sarcoma procedures ii) and explore whether there is evidence of tumour cells in reinfused blood.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 109 consecutive surgical procedures for biopsy-proven sarcoma or bone metastasis performed between 1 July 2015 and 30 October 2019.

Ectopic breast tissue presenting as an enlarging abdominal mass.

Ectopic breast tissue (EBT) is an uncommon entity that occurs in about 6% of the population, more frequently in Asian people. It manifests as a nonspecific soft tissue mass that can develop in any location along the "milk-line," with the axilla being the most frequently reported location. As with normal breast tissue, both benign and malignant processes can arise from EBT.

The tip of the iceberg: lipomatous tumours presenting as abdominal or pelvic wall hernias.

Liposarcomas are the most common soft tissue sarcoma. They occur mainly in the thigh or retroperitoneum. Due to their size, lipomatous tumours can herniate either through the abdominal wall or in the groin.

Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising in a Tailgut Cyst: A Rare Presacral Tumor.

A tailgut cyst (retrorectal cystic hamartoma) is an uncommon lesion that develops in the presacral (retrorectal) space. Malignant change in a tailgut cyst is extremely rare and presents as a soft tissue (presacral) or bone (sacral) neoplasm. We report a case of tailgut cyst in which a neuroendocrine tumor developed in a 25-year-old female.

Clinically actionable mutation profiles in patients with cancer identified by whole-genome sequencing.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) efforts have established catalogs of mutations relevant to cancer development. However, the clinical utility of this information remains largely unexplored. Here, we present the results of the first eight patients recruited into a clinical whole-genome sequencing (WGS) program in the United Kingdom.

Giant Cell-Containing Tumors of Bone.

Giant cell-containing tumors of bone are characterized morphologically by the presence of numerous osteoclastic giant cells. Correlation of clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings is required for accurate histopathologic diagnosis and treatment of a giant cell-containing tumor of bone. In differential diagnosis, it is particularly important to note the age of the patient and the skeletal location of the lesion.

High-throughput oncogene mutation profiling shows demographic differences in BRAF mutation rates among melanoma patients.

Because of advances in targeted therapies, the clinical evaluation of cutaneous melanoma is increasingly based on a combination of traditional histopathology and molecular pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to expand our knowledge of the molecular events that accompany the development and progression of melanoma to optimize clinical management. The central objective of this study was to increase our knowledge of the mutational events that complement melanoma progression.

Through the looking glass: primary epithelioid angiosarcoma in the left atrium, a unique site for a rare malignancy.

Malignant cardiac tumours occurring on the left side are vanishingly rare entities. We describe a case of a 73-year-old male who underwent surgery for a left-sided cardiac tumour following initial presentation with transient ischaemic attacks. In addition to the unusual presentation and subsequent metastatic pattern to the femur, the tumour's pathological diagnosis was that of an epithelioid variant of an angiosarcoma which has not been previously described in this anatomical location.

High resolution melting curve analysis of DNA sequence alterations of various sizes.

In the diagnostic workflow we need to think in algorithms, containing more assays. One of the most important task in the management of cancer patient is to detect nucleic acid sequence changes in clinical specimens. Before using the most expensive method to analyze direct our targets, a screening assay is needed to reduce the number of samples.

[Long-term experience with multidisciplinary therapy of twenty-six patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans].

Unlabelled: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a low or moderate grade malignant, uncommon soft tissue tumor. The tumor is characterized by slow, but locally aggressive growth, low metastatic potential and high recurrence rate. Initial treatment is the radical surgical excision, using traditional wide excision or Mohs surgery.

[Diagnostic problems of ovarian mucinous borderline tumors].

About 15-20% of all ovarian epithelial neoplasms are of borderline type (or atypical proliferative or carcinoma of low malignant potential) and about 5-7% are mucinous type, which are the second most common type behind the serous borderline tumors. The borderline tumor is a serious diagnostic and treatment problem both for the pathologists and for clinicians. These tumors appeared to be intermediate in their histologic and prognostic features between the benign cystadenomas and clearly malignant carcinomas.

[Long-term experience with therapy of a female patient with Gardner's syndrome, first presenting with extra-abdominal desmoid tumor, and review of the literature].

Gardner's syndrome is a clinical subgroup of familial adenomatous polyposis, an autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by gastrointestinal polyps and extra-intestinal manifestations including multiple osteomas, skin and soft tissue tumours. Aggressive desmoid tumours can be very difficult to manage in patients with Gardner's syndrome.

Myofibroblastic sarcoma of the base of tongue. Case report and review of the literature.

Background: Mesenchymal malignancies with myofibroblastic differentiation exhibit a spectrum from low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma mimicking fibromatosis to pleomorphic high-grade sarcoma. Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma shows a wide anatomic distribution with a predilection for the head-and-neck region; however, intermediate- and high-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas in this localization are exceptional.

Case Report: A 56-year-old woman with intermediate-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the base of tongue is presented.

[Diagnostic difficulties in serous "borderline" tumors of the ovary].

About 15-20% of all ovarian neoplasms are of borderline type (or atypical proliferative or carcinoma of low malignant potential). They represent a common diagnostic and treatment problem both for the pathologist and for clinicians. The borderline tumors occur most commonly in childbearing age, show an indolent course and have good prognosis but are resistant to the traditional chemotherapies.