Temporal lobe interictal spikes disrupt encoding and retrieval of verbal memory: A subregion analysis.

Objective: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) encodes and recalls memories and can be a predominant site for interictal spikes (IS) in patients with focal epilepsy. It is unclear whether memory deficits are due to IS in the MTL producing a transient decline. Here, we investigated whether IS in the MTL subregions and lateral temporal cortex impact episodic memory encoding and recall.

Graph theoretical measures of fast ripples support the epileptic network hypothesis.

The epileptic network hypothesis and epileptogenic zone hypothesis are two theories of ictogenesis. The network hypothesis posits that coordinated activity among interconnected nodes produces seizures. The epileptogenic zone hypothesis posits that distinct regions are necessary and sufficient for seizure generation.

Accuracy of high-frequency oscillations recorded intraoperatively for classification of epileptogenic regions.

To see whether acute intraoperative recordings using stereo EEG (SEEG) electrodes can replace prolonged interictal intracranial EEG (iEEG) recording, making the process more efficient and safer, 10 min of iEEG were recorded following electrode implantation in 16 anesthetized patients, and 1-2 days later during non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Ripples on oscillations (RonO, 80-250 Hz), ripples on spikes (RonS), sharp-spikes, fast RonO (fRonO, 250-600 Hz), and fast RonS (fRonS) were semi-automatically detected. HFO power and frequency were compared between the conditions using a generalized linear mixed-effects model.

Ripples Have Distinct Spectral Properties and Phase-Amplitude Coupling With Slow Waves, but Indistinct Unit Firing, in Human Epileptogenic Hippocampus.

Ripple oscillations (80-200 Hz) in the normal hippocampus are involved in memory consolidation during rest and sleep. In the epileptic brain, increased ripple and fast ripple (200-600 Hz) rates serve as a biomarker of epileptogenic brain. We report that both ripples and fast ripples exhibit a preferred phase angle of coupling with the trough-peak (or On-Off) state transition of the sleep slow wave in the hippocampal seizure onset zone (SOZ).

Gadolinium deposition within the paediatric brain: no increased intrinsic T1-weighted signal intensity within the dentate nucleus following the administration of a minimum of four doses of the macrocyclic agent gadobutrol.

Objectives: To determine whether repeated administration of the macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadobutrol in children is associated with T1-weighted hyperintensity within the dentate nucleus, an imaging surrogate for gadolinium deposition.

Methods: With institutional review board approval, we identified a cohort of eight patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent at least four gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the brain from 2013 to 2017. For comparison, we identified a cohort of 19 patients who underwent at least four gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI examinations.

Gadolinium deposition in the paediatric brain: T1-weighted hyperintensity within the dentate nucleus following repeated gadolinium-based contrast agent administration.

Aim: To determine whether repeated gadolinium-based contrast agent administration (GBCA) in children is associated with the development of increased T1-weighted signal intensity within the cerebellar dentate nucleus.

Materials And Methods: With institutional review board approval for this The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective study, a cohort of 41 patients under the age of 18 years who underwent at least four contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MR) examinations of the brain from 2005 to 2015 were identified. For each examination, both dentate nuclei were manually contoured, and the mean dentate nucleus-to-pons signal intensity (DN-P SI) ratio was calculated.

A method for the topographical identification and quantification of high frequency oscillations in intracranial electroencephalography recordings.

Objective: To develop a reliable software method using a topographic analysis of time-frequency plots to distinguish ripple (80-200 Hz) oscillations that are often associated with EEG sharp waves or spikes (RonS) from sinusoid-like waveforms that appear as ripples but correspond with digital filtering of sharp transients contained in the wide bandwidth EEG.

Methods: A custom algorithm distinguished true from false ripples in one second intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings using wavelet convolution, identifying contours of isopower, and categorizing these contours into sets of open or closed loop groups. The spectral and temporal features of candidate groups were used to classify the ripple, and determine its duration, frequency, and power.

Utilization of independent component analysis for accurate pathological ripple detection in intracranial EEG recordings recorded extra- and intra-operatively.

Objective: To develop and validate a detector that identifies ripple (80-200 Hz) events in intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings in a referential montage and utilizes independent component analysis (ICA) to eliminate or reduce high-frequency artifact contamination. Also, investigate the correspondence of detected ripples and the seizure onset zone (SOZ).

Methods: iEEG recordings from 16 patients were first band-pass filtered (80-600 Hz) and Infomax ICA was next applied to derive the first independent component (IC1).

Bimodal coupling of ripples and slower oscillations during sleep in patients with focal epilepsy.

Objective: Differentiating pathologic and physiologic high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) is challenging. In patients with focal epilepsy, HFOs occur during the transitional periods between the up and down state of slow waves. The preferred phase angles of this form of phase-event amplitude coupling are bimodally distributed, and the ripples (80-150 Hz) that occur during the up-down transition more often occur in the seizure-onset zone (SOZ).

AR2, a novel automatic muscle artifact reduction software method for ictal EEG interpretation: Validation and comparison of performance with commercially available software.

To develop a novel software method (AR2) for reducing muscle contamination of ictal scalp electroencephalogram (EEG), and validate this method on the basis of its performance in comparison to a commercially available software method (AR1) to accurately depict seizure-onset location. A blinded investigation used 23 EEG recordings of seizures from 8 patients. Each recording was uninterpretable with digital filtering because of muscle artifact and processed using AR1 and AR2 and reviewed by 26 EEG specialists.

Ripples on spikes show increased phase-amplitude coupling in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy seizure-onset zones.

Objective: Ripples (80-150 Hz) recorded from clinical macroelectrodes have been shown to be an accurate biomarker of epileptogenic brain tissue. We investigated coupling between epileptiform spike phase and ripple amplitude to better understand the mechanisms that generate this type of pathologic ripple (pRipple) event.

Methods: We quantified phase amplitude coupling (PAC) between epileptiform electroencephalography (EEG) spike phase and ripple amplitude recorded from intracranial depth macroelectrodes during episodes of sleep in 12 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Hormonal activity, cytotoxicity and developmental toxicity of UV filters.

Ultraviolet (UV) filters are commonly used compounds in personal care products and polymer based materials, as they can absorb solar energy in the UVA and UVB spectrum. However, they are able to bind to hormone receptors and have several and different types of hormonal activities determined by in vitro assays. One of the aims of this work was to measure the hormonal and cytotoxic activities of four frequently used UV filters using bioluminescence based yeast test organisms.

Vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: a European long-term study up to 24 months in 347 children.

Objective: To gain insight into the long-term impact of vagus nerve stimulation (with VNS Therapy) in children with drug-resistant epilepsy, we conducted the largest retrospective multicenter study to date over an extended follow-up period of up to 24 months.

Methods: The primary objective was to assess change in seizure frequency of the predominant seizure type (defined as the most disabling seizure) following VNS device implantation. Treating physicians collected data from patient records from baseline to 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up.

Cerebral hemiatrophy associated with hippocampal sclerosis following a single prolonged febrile seizure.

The etiological relation of prolonged febrile seizures with hippocampal sclerosis and cerebral hemiatrophy is controversial. Causal relationship is mainly adopted from retrospective statistical analysis and data from epilepsy surgery. We report a 17-month-old boy who had a prolonged febrile seizure with a transient postictal flaccid hemiparesis and anisocoria.

Operative and technical complications of vagus nerve stimulator implantation.

Background: The treatment of refractory epilepsy by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a well-established therapy option for patients not suitable for epilepsy surgery and therapy refractory depressions.

Objective: To analyze surgical and technical complications after implantation of left-sided VNS in patients with therapy-refractory epilepsy and depression.

Methods: One hundred five patients receiving a VNS or VNS-related operations (n = 118) from 1999 to 2008 were investigated retrospectively.

Elevated anti-cholesterol antibody levels in the sera of non-small cell lung cancer patients.

There have been no published data yet on the serum level of antibodies against cholesterol (anti-cholesterol antibodies) in oncological patients. We decided to examine these levels in the sera of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Measurements were performed by ELISA technique in the sera of 44 NSCLC patients and the results were compared to the anti-cholesterol antibody levels of 34 non-tumorous control subjects.

Contribution of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms to pediatric migraine.

Background: The serotonin transporter gene is a promising candidate locus for the genetic susceptibility of migraine.

Objective: Two functional polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR and STin2) were analyzed to assess whether these variants are associated with pediatric migraine.

Methods: Eighty-seven Hungarian pediatric migraine patients and 464 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction.

[Pleiotropic effect of the micronized fenofibrate: the reduction of plasma chlamydia pneumoniae antibody levels in patients with coronary artery disease].

Introduction: A growing amount of data suggest that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and in it's development Chlamydia pneumoniae infection may contribute. Recent studies have shown that administration of micronized fenofibrate reduces the plasma levels of several markers of the inflammatory response.

Aim: The aim of the authors was to evaluate the effect of micronized fenofibrate on the lipids and Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody levels of 20 patients with coronary artery disease.

[Epidemiologic aspects of ischemic heart diseases in diabetic women].

The author discusses the relation of female gender, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease relying upon the "WHO/Europe Health For All" statistical database, data of MEDLINE and the results of Framingham Heart Study. Cardiovascular disease is multifactorial in origin, and it is in connection with increasing prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The mortality caused by ischaemic heart disease is 3-5 times higher if the patients suffer from diabetes mellitus as well.

[Lipid, apoprotein and fibrinogen levels in the blood of male patients following myocardial infarct and the effect of diet on these parameters in ischemic heart disease].

The authors have found significantly higher the levels of two not routinely examined risk factors, fibrinogen and lipoprotein (a) in 28 male patients after myocardial infarction than the corresponding data of the PROCAM-study and in the case of fibrinogen than in 23 healthy blood donors. A positive correlation was observed between the LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol, the LDL-cholesterol and the main apoprotein of LDL, the Apo B level, and between the HDL-cholesterol and the main apoprotein of HDL, the Apo AI. During a 3 week long treatment in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Department the effect of low cholesterol, high unsaturated fatty acid content diet on the lipid, apolipoprotein and fibrinogen levels of male patients suffering from coronary heart disease with cholesterol level higher than 5.

[Changes in the serum lipid levels in males with ischemic heart disease under the effect of diets with various cholesterol and fat contents].

In the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia the diet still has a primary importance. The authors have investigated the effect of different fat, cholesterol and unsaturated/saturated fatty acid content diets on the lipid levels of men suffering from coronary heart disease during 3 weeks long hospital treatment in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Department. On a diet containing daily 65 g fat, 230 mg cholesterol with a 1.

[Experience in the management of patients with artificial heart valves (analysis of the material of the Békés County Cardiology Clinic)].

Authors report of 152 patients, 146 of whom underwent single mitral (n = 70), single aortic (n = 64), double aortimitral (n = 17) and aortic-mitral-tricuspid (n = 1) valve replacement with mechanical prostheses. 6 patients received bioprostheses. The mean age was 55 years.

[Routine roentgen examination of the skull in head injuries].

Authors in their present report are studying the routine skull X-ray examination of head injured patients. They discuss the disadvantages of the routine up to the present. They introduce the classifications found in the literature.