Pharmacokinetics of Psilocybin, a Tryptamine Alkaloid in Magic Mushroom (): A Systematic Review.

Psilocybin, a major indole alkaloid found in magic mushrooms (), has recently drawn attention as a breakthrough therapy to treat major depressive disorder. This review aimed to summarize and identify knowledge gaps concerning their pharmacokinetic characteristics of psilocybin and its active metabolite, psilocin. Original studies related to pharmacokinetics of psilocybin conducted , animals, and humans were systematically collected from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, from their inceptions to November 2023.

Paraquat exposure and Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To reconcile and unify available results regarding paraquat exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a quantitative estimate of the risk of PD associated with paraquat exposure. Six scientific databases including PubMed, Cochrane libraries, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and TOXLINE were systematically searched. The overall odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model.

Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of paraquat.

Paraquat (N, N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridium dichloride) is a potent and widely used herbicide in agricultural countries, including Thailand. The presence of this chemical in the body can lead to toxic effects in the liver, kidney, and lung. Pulmonary toxicity has been identified as the main cause of acute toxicity in animals and humans.

A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of methotrexate incorporating hepatic excretion via multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in mice, rats, dogs, and humans.

An updated physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of methotrexate (MTX) was built based on an earlier model developed by Bischoff et al. (1971). MTX has been known to be a substrate of multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2).

A pharmacokinetic model of drug-drug interaction between clopidogrel and omeprazole at CYP2C19 in humans.

Background: Clopidogrel is a thienopryridine antiplatelet agent commonly used in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Clopidogrel is metabolized by hepatic CYP2C19 and CYP2B6, therefore, co-administration of clopidogrel and CYP2C19 inhibitors can alter pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used for decreasing gastric acid production.

Additive Synergism between Asbestos and Smoking in Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Smoking and asbestos exposure are important risks for lung cancer. Several epidemiological studies have linked asbestos exposure and smoking to lung cancer. To reconcile and unify these results, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a quantitative estimate of the increased risk of lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking and to classify their interaction.

Association of HLA-B*5701 genotypes and abacavir-induced hypersensitivity reaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the association between HLA-B*5701 and abacavir-induced hypersensitivity reaction (ABC-HSR).

Methods: We searched for studies that investigated the association between HLA-B genotype and ABC-HSR and provided information about the frequency of carriers of HLA-B genotypes among cases and controls. We then performed a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to pool the data and to investigate the sources of heterogeneity.

A possible role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in hepatic excretion of PCB126, an environmental contaminant: PBPK/PD modeling.

3,3',4,4',5'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant and its toxicity is mediated through binding with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Earlier, we found that PCB126 treated F344 rats had 110-400 times higher PCB126 concentration in the liver than in the fat. Protein binding was suspected to be a major factor for the high liver concentration of PCB126 despite its high lipophilicity.

Quantitative analysis of liver GST-P foci promoted by a chemical mixture of hexachlorobenzene and PCB 126: implication of size-dependent cellular growth kinetics.

The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) evaluating the carcinogenic potential of the mixture of two persistent environmental pollutants, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), in an initiation-promotion bioassay involving the development of pi glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) liver foci, and (2) analyzing the GST-P foci data using a biologically-based computer model (i.e., clonal growth model) with an emphasis on the effect of focal size on the growth kinetics of initiated cells.

Hepatic sequestration of chlordecone and hexafluoroacetone evaluated by pharmacokinetic modeling.

Chlordecone (CD) and mirex (M) differ by a single carbonyl group in CD in place of two chlorines in M. Although both compounds are lipophilic, their tissue distributions differ markedly: CD concentrations are highest in liver; M concentrations are highest in fat. We used tissue time course data in rats from our laboratory for CD and M and literature data from monkeys to develop PBPK models to study differences in liver and fat partitioning.

An updated physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for hexachlorobenzene: incorporation of pathophysiological states following partial hepatectomy and hexachlorobenzene treatment.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is generally used for describing xenobiotic disposition in animals and humans with normal physiological conditions. We describe here an updated PBPK model for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in male F344 rats with the incorporation of pathophysiological conditions. Two more features contribute to the distinctness of this model from the earlier published versions.

Bioequivalence study of two formulations of simvastatin tablets in healthy Thai volunteers.

The bioequivalence of two formulations of 10 mg tablets of simvastatin (CAS 79902-63-9), Vascor as test and a commercially available preparation as reference, in 18 healthy Thai male volunteers was assessed. In a randomized, single dose, two-period, crossover study design with a 1-week wash-out period, each subject received 4 tablets of 10-mg simvastatin tablets. Plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period after administration.

Relative bioavailability study of 20-mg enalapril tablets in healthy male volunteers.

The pharmacokinetic and relative bioavailability studies of 20-mg enalapril tablets, the test product manufactured by Biolab, Thailand compared to the reference product (Merck Sharp & Dohme, USA) was conducted in 14 healthy Thai male volunteers following a single dose, two-period, crossover design. Each subject received 20-mg enalapril tablets of both formulations with a 1-week washout period. Plasma samples collected over a 24-h period after administration were analyzed by LC/MS/MS.

Average bioequivalence of generic clarithromycin tablets in healthy Thai male volunteers.

The objective of this study was to assess bioequivalence of 500-mg clarithromycin tablets in 24 healthy volunteers. In a randomized, single dose, fasting state, two-period, crossover study design with a 1-week washout period, each subject received a 500-mg clarithromycin tablet. Plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period after administration and were analyzed by using a validated method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection.

Bioequivalence study of enalapril tablets in healthy Thai male volunteers.

The bioequivalence study of 5-mg enalapril tablets, Enaril (Biolab, Thailand) compared to Renitec (Merck Sharp & Dohme, USA) was conducted in 14 healthy Thai male volunteers following a single dose, two-period, crossover design. Each subject received 4 tablets of 5-mg enalapril tablets of both formulations with a 1-week washout period. Plasma samples collected over a 24-hour period after administration were analyzed by LC/MS/MS.

Bioequivalence study of ondansetron tablet in healthy Thai male volunteers.

Objectives: To assess the average bioequivalence of two formulations of 8-mg ondansetron tablets--test product (Unison Laboratories, Thailand) and reference product (Glaxo Wellcome, USA)--in 14 healthy Thai male volunteers.

Material And Method: In a randomized, single dose, fasting, two-period, crossover study design with a 1-week washout period, each subject received an 8-mg ondansetron tablet. Serum samples were collected over a 24-hour period after administration.