Proteomic Profiles Associated With Postsurgical Progression in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.

Context: There is a lack of reliable biomarkers capable of predicting postoperative tumor progression of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).

Objective: To discover proteomic profiles associated with postoperative tumor progression in patients with NFPAs. This was a case-controlled exploratory study at a tertiary university hospital.

MCM7 as a marker of postsurgical progression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Objective: Current markers predicting tumour progression of pituitary adenomas after surgery are insufficient. Our objective was to investigate if minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) expression predicts tumour progression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).

Methods: In a cohort study of surgically treated NFPAs, two groups with distinctly different behaviour of a residual tumour were selected: one group requiring reintervention due to tumour progression (reintervention group, n = 57) and one with residual tumours without progression (radiologically stable group, n = 40).

Neural Progenitor Cells in Cerebral Cortex of Epilepsy Patients do not Originate from Astrocytes Expressing GLAST.

Adult neurogenesis in human brain is known to occur in the hippocampus, the subventricular zone, and the striatum. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were reported in the cortex of epilepsy patients; however, their identity is not known. Since astrocytes were proposed as the source of neural progenitors in both healthy and diseased brain, we tested the hypothesis that NPCs in the epileptic cortex originate from reactive, alternatively, de-differentiated astrocytes that express glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST).

Lowered Expression of Tumor Suppressor Candidate MYO1C Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Suppresses Cell Adhesion and Activates AKT.

Myosin-1C (MYO1C) is a tumor suppressor candidate located in a region of recurrent losses distal to TP53. Myo1c can tightly and specifically bind to PIP2, the substrate of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and to Rictor, suggesting a role for MYO1C in the PI3K pathway. This study was designed to examine MYO1C expression status in a panel of well-stratified endometrial carcinomas as well as to assess the biological significance of MYO1C as a tumor suppressor in vitro.

Prognostic factors for glioblastoma patients--a clinical population-based study.

Objectives: To address in a retrospective and population-based study prognostic factors for survival time after diagnosis and surgery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Material And Methods: During the study period, 430 patients were identified at the multidisciplinary team conferences as newly diagnosed GBM, 201 of these were considered not to benefit from surgery, and thus, a total of 229 consecutive adult patients with GBM were operated between January 2004 and December 2008 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and were retrospectively analyzed. Potential predictors of survival were statistically analyzed using Poisson regression models.

Incompletely penetrant PKD1 alleles mimic the renal manifestations of ARPKD.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by mutation in PKD1 or PKD2, is usually an adult-onset disorder but can rarely manifest as a neonatal disease within a family characterized by otherwise typical ADPKD. Coinheritance of a hypomorphic PKD1 allele in trans with an inactivating PKD1 allele is one mechanism that can cause early onset ADPKD. Here, we describe two pedigrees without a history of cystic kidney disease that each contain two patients with onset of massive PKD in utero.

Local cytokine and inflammatory responses to candidate vaginal adjuvants in mice.

The current study was undertaken to explore the correlation of adjuvanticity and local inflammatory response elicited in the murine vagina and the draining lymph nodes following local administration of two candidate vaginal adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG ODN, and a non-TLR targeting molecule alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Using real-time PCR array analysis, we could show that a group of 13 common cytokine genes are activated in the vagina within 24h after vaginal administration of these adjuvants, including Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12, Ccl19, Ccl20, Ccl22, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il10 and the Th1-inducing molecules Ifng, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Cxcl11. A high degree of inflammation in and damage to the epithelium was exclusively observed in the vagina of the CpG ODN treated mice, which was reversed within 48h.

Oncostatin M-induced genes in human astrocytomas.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family and known to be induced in the nervous system as a result of cell stress. OSM is expressed in most human brain tumors, but the effects on tumor cells are unclear. The cytokine is known to activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by binding to its receptors gp130/OSMbeta or gp130/LIFRbeta and thereby initiating activation or suppression of a number of STAT target genes.

Cytogenetic and spectral karyotype analyses of benign and malignant cartilage tumours.

To date, there have been few studies published on benign and malignant cartilage tumours using high resolution molecular cytogenetic techniques such as spectral karyotyping (SKY). In this study we have used a combination of chromosome banding, SKY and FISH to characterize the chromosomal pattern in 18 benign and malignant cartilage tumours and one small cell osteosarcoma with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma-like features. Clonal structural and/or numerical aberrations were detected in 14 of these tumours.

Studies on the molecular pathogenesis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma-cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and cDNA microarray analyses.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMCs) are characterized by recurrent chromosome translocations resulting in fusions of the nuclear receptor TEC to various NH(2)-terminal partners. Here we describe the phenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic characteristics of a series of 10 EMCs. Using spectral karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization, clonal chromosome abnormalities were detected in all but one tumor.

Clonal karyotypic abnormalities of the hereditary multiple exostoses chromosomal loci 8q24.1 (EXT1) and 11p11-12 (EXT2) in patients with sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas.

Background: Osteochondroma most frequently arises sporadically and as a solitary lesion, but also may arise as multiple lesions characterizing the autosomal dominant disorder hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) and the contiguous gene syndromes Langer-Giedion and DEFECT-11 syndromes. HME is genetically heterogeneous with association of three loci including 8q24.1 (EXT1), 11p11-12 (EXT2), and 19p (EXT3).

Characterization of a human myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma cell line, OH931.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of late adult life, includes several histopathologic subtypes. The myxoid MFH subtype is characterized by the presence of abundant mucopolysaccharide within a loose connective tissue stroma. Although the myxoid variant is typically distinguished clinically by its better prognosis, we report a case of myxoid MFH that exhibited an aggressive phenotype with early metastases and death.

Cytogenetic intratumor heterogeneity in soft tissue tumors.

Multiple (two to seven) samples, obtained from the same surgical specimen or at different occasions, were analyzed in 54 benign and malignant soft tissue tumors, to investigate cytogenetic clonal evolution. In 28 tumors only normal karyotypes were found. Ten tumors had abnormal karyotypes, but were noninformative, most often due to a high level of karyotypic complexity or great cell-to-cell variation.

Cytogenetic evolution in primary tumors, local recurrences, and pulmonary metastases of two soft tissue sarcomas.

The karyotypic pattern at different stages of tumor development may provide information on tumor progression but few data are available regarding human solid tumors. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on the primary tumor and four lung metastases of a synovial sarcoma, and the primary tumor, two consecutive local recurrences, and six pulmonary metastases, obtained at two different occasions, of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Simultaneous existence of more than one cytogenetically aberrant clone was also assessed through analysis of more than one sample from the same surgical specimen.

Cytogenetic findings in 33 osteosarcomas.

Thirty-three osteosarcomas (OS) were analyzed cytogenetically. Clonal chromosome changes were detected in 17 cases. Six tumors had chromosome numbers in the diploid range, 6 in the triploid range, 1 in the tetraploid range and 1 in the pentaploid range, while 3 tumors had multiple clones with different ploidy levels.

Aberrations of chromosome segment 12q13-15 characterize a subgroup of hemangiopericytomas.

Background: In later years, several characteristic acquired chromosomal aberrations have been identified in mesenchymal tumors. Many of these aberrations, either alone or with histopathologic and clinical data, are useful in diagnosis. The cytogenetic profile of hemangiopericytomas has been poorly investigated.

Chromosome aberrations in tenosynovial giant cell tumors and nontumorous synovial tissue.

Five tenosynovial giant cell tumors--4 pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and 1 nodular tenosynovitis (NTS)--were investigated cytogenetically. Clonal chromosome aberrations were detected in 3 of them. One PVNS had t(7;16)(q22;q24) as the sole anomaly, whereas 1 PVNS and the NTS displayed aberrations suggesting clonal evolution: t(1;19)(p11;p12)/t(1;19), +12 and ins(5;1)(q31p34)/ins(5;1),t(2;4)(p23;q21), respectively.

Cytogenetic aberrations in colorectal adenocarcinomas and their correlation with clinicopathologic features.

Background: Little is known about the karyotypes of colorectal carcinomas and, in particular, about how the cytogenetic findings correlate with clinicopathologic features.

Methods: Short-term cultures from 49 colorectal adenocarcinomas were analyzed cytogenetically. The karyotypes were correlated with grade, stage, lymphocytic infiltration, and site (using the chi-square test), with patient age and tumor size (using the Student t test), and with survival (using the log-rank or Mantel-Haenszel test).

Chromosome aberrations and cytogenetic intratumor heterogeneity in chondrosarcomas.

Clonal chromosome aberrations identified after short-term culture are presented for 13 chondrosarcomas; in 5 cases both the primary tumors and local recurrences were studied. The stemline chromosome number was hypodiploid or hyperhaploid in 9 tumors. The most frequent numerical anomalies were, in falling order of frequency, loss of chromosomes Y, 10, 13, and 6, and gain of chromosomes 7 and 20.

The ultrastructure of fresh and cultured cells in fifteen soft tissue and bone tumors.

Cultured cells from 15 soft tissue and bone tumors and surgical specimens from 14 of these were studied by electron microscopy. The cells, cultured for one to five weeks, maintained ultrastructural features similar to those found in the fresh tumor tissue. The ultrastructural characteristics of the cultured cells were distinct enough for diagnostic purposes.

Supernumerary ring chromosomes in five bone and soft tissue tumors of low or borderline malignancy.

Five tumors (two myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma, two dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and one parosteal osteosarcoma) with ring chromosomes as the sole cytogenetic anomaly or as the only structural rearrangement were observed in a series of 60 karyotypically abnormal, nonlipogenic bone and soft tissue tumors (BST). All five tumors were of borderline or low malignancy. These findings support the suggestion that supernumerary ring chromosomes as the sole structural chromosomal aberration are not associated with any particular histopathologic diagnosis but may characterize a group of BST of borderline or low malignancy.

Near-haploid clones in a malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Near-haploid solid tumors are very rare. In a storiform-pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone, we found three cell populations: one with a near-haploid, a second with a near-diploid, and a third with a near-tetraploid chromosome number. The near-haploid cells had few structural rearrangements: i(12p) and t(13q21q) in one clone, and these two and an additional t(19;?)(p11;?) in another clone.

Chromosomal abnormality t(9;22)(q22;q12) in an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma characterized by fine needle aspiration cytology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and DNA flow cytometry.

A multidisciplinary approach was taken to characterize a soft tissue tumour. In smears prepared from aspirated material, uniform tumour cells, embedded in a myxoid matrix and partly arranged in a lace-like pattern, were found. Histopathology showed a lace-like pattern of cells in a matrix of hyaluronidase-stable mucins.

Simple numerical chromosome aberrations in well-differentiated malignant epithelial tumors.

Cytogenetic analysis of four well-differentiated malignant epithelial tumors revealed primary clones with only numerical abnormalities. The karyotypes were 49,XX, +5, +5, +7, +7, -17/50,XX, +5, +5, +7, +7, -17, +r in an adenocarcinoma of the lung; 47,XX, +3/47,XX, +5/47,XX, +7 in a squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis; 47,XX, +5/48,XX, +5, +10 in a squamous cell carcinoma developing in an ovarian dermoid cyst; and 52,XX, +5, +7, +8, +14, +15, +21 in a seropapillary ovarian adenocarcinoma. Also, in previously published cases exclusively numerical aberrations were much more common in highly differentiated epithelial tumors (22/74) than in moderately to low-differentiated carcinomas (13/281).