Corrigendum: Reduced insulin signaling targeted to serotonergic neurons but not other neuronal subtypes extends lifespan in .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.

Reduced Insulin Signaling Targeted to Serotonergic Neurons but Not Other Neuronal Subtypes Extends Lifespan in .

Reduced Insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS) plays an evolutionarily conserved role in improving longevity and some measures of health-span in model organisms. Recent studies, however, have found a disconnection between lifespan extension and behavioral health-span. We have previously shown that reduction of IIS in neurons extends female lifespan but does not improve negative geotaxis senescence and has a detrimental effect on exploratory walking senescence in both sexes.

High prevalence of TB disease in contacts of adults with extrapulmonary TB.

UK guidelines no longer recommend routine screening of household contacts of adult patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). From 27 March 2012 to 28 June 2016, we investigated the prevalence of active TB disease in household contacts of 1023 EPTB index cases in North West England, and compared estimates with: published new entrant migrant screening programme prevalence (~147/100 000 person-years); London-based contact screening data (700/100 000 contacts screened); and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) new entrant TB screening thresholds (TB prevalence >40/100 000 people). Active TB disease prevalence in EPTB contacts was 440/100 000 contacts screened, similar to UK new entrant screening programmes, London EPTB contact prevalence and >10 times NICE's threshold for new entrant screening.

Evaluating 17 years of latent tuberculosis infection screening in north-west England: a retrospective cohort study of reactivation.

Approximately 72% of tuberculosis (TB) cases in England occur among non-UK born individuals, mostly as a result of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Programmatic LTBI screening is a key intervention of the TB strategy for England. This article reviews the results of a long-standing LTBI screening initiative in England.

Drug-related hepatitis in patients treated with standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy over a 30-year period.

Setting: Drug-induced hepatitis is known to occur in a proportion of patients on treatment for active tuberculosis (TB).

Design: We prospectively examined the incidence of drug-induced hepatitis in 2070 patients treated for TB with the standard regimen based on 6 months of rifampicin (R, RMP) and isoniazid (H, INH), with 2 months of initial pyrazinamide (Z, PZA) and ethambutol (E, EMB), over a 30-year period from 1981 to 2010, in Blackburn, UK.

Results: Of the 1031 (49.

Determinants of treatment-related paradoxical reactions during anti-tuberculosis therapy: a case control study.

Background: Inflammatory response following initial improvement with anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been termed a paradoxical reaction (PR). HIV co-infection is a recognised risk, yet little is known about other predictors of PR, although some biochemical markers have appeared predictive. We report our findings in an ethnically diverse population of HIV-infected and uninfected adults.

The outcome of a cohort of tuberculin-positive predominantly South Asian new entrants aged 16-34 to the UK: Blackburn 1989-2001.

Setting: Blackburn, Hyndburn and Ribble Valley Local Government areas of England and Wales, the former a high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence district.

Background: The incidence of tuberculosis in new entrants aged 16-34 with positive tuberculin skin tests but normal chest X-rays after initial entry is not definitely known, and was previously estimated from cross-sectional national surveys and derived data for the 2006 and 2011 NICE economic appraisals of new entrant TB screening.

Methods: New entrants aged 16-34 years predominantly from South Asia (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh), with tuberculin tests inappropriately positive for their BCG history were identified for the years 1989-2001 inclusive from a new entrant database.

Drug therapy for children with tuberculosis.

The scientific basis of drug treatment for both active tuberculosis (TB) disease and TB infection, has been established, with treatment in children being largely extrapolated from adult active disease trials. It is essential that active TB disease is excluded before asymptomatic TB infection is diagnosed and treated. Nearly half of all children with active TB disease are found as asymptomatic tuberculin, or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), positive contacts on screening by local TB services, usually of sputum TB microscopy positive adult relatives or other index cases, but with evidence of lung infiltrate or mediastinal lymphadenopathy on the child's chest x-ray.

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in East Lancashire 2001-2009.

Background: East Lancashire has had high rates of tuberculosis for 40 years. The ethnically diverse population is predominantly of South Asian and white origin. Drug resistance data from 1960 to 1999 indirectly suggest that no significant inter-ethnic transmission has occurred.

Screening of immigrants in the UK for imported latent tuberculosis: a multicentre cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: Continuing rises in tuberculosis notifications in the UK are attributable to cases in foreign-born immigrants. National guidance for immigrant screening is hampered by a lack of data about the prevalence of, and risk factors for, latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants. We aimed to determine the prevalence of latent infection in immigrants to the UK to define which groups should be screened and to quantify cost-effectiveness.

Management of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in routine practice: an unselected 10-year cohort.

Background: The varied behaviour of tuberculous lymph nodes during TB chemotherapy can cause clinical uncertainty, resulting in prolonged courses of treatment.

Objectives: To investigate whether results in routine practice in Blackburn, a high-incidence tuberculosis (TB) area in England and Wales, replicated the results of the 6-month chemotherapy trial for lymph node TB conducted by the British Thoracic Society.

Design: All TB cases managed at the Blackburn Chest Clinic are recorded prospectively.

Bone and joint tuberculosis in children in the Blackburn area since 2006: a case series.

This report describes a series of four cases of children between the ages 5 and 14 years with bone or joint infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosed between June 2006 and March 2008 in the Blackburn area of England. All of the cases were of South Asian descent. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of M.

Increasing reports of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1995-2006.

Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria have long been identified as capable of causing human disease and the number at risk, due to immune-suppression, is rising. Several reports have suggested incidence to be increasing, yet routine surveillance-based evidence is lacking. We investigated recent trends in, and the epidemiology of, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1995-2006.

Effectiveness of 3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND/SETTING: Treatment for 3 months with rifampicin (R) and isoniazid (H) (3RH) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), defined as an inappropriately positive tuberculin skin test with no clinical or x-ray evidence of disease, has been used locally since 1989. The efficacy of this regimen in children in the UK has only been studied indirectly. The long-term outcome of those children treated with 3RH, in the Chest Clinic of this high tuberculosis (TB) incidence district, has been studied to derive a more direct assessment of effectiveness.

Abdominal tuberculosis in a district general hospital: a retrospective review of 86 cases.

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) is a great mimic and an important cause of morbidity. Its incidence is more common in certain groups.

Aim: To review the cases of ATB in Blackburn from 1985 to 2004, with emphasis on presentation, investigation, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

Bone and joint tuberculosis: cases in Blackburn between 1988 and 2005.

We report 79 cases of bone and joint tuberculosis between 1988 and 2005, eight of which were in the Caucasian population and 71 in the non-white population. The diagnosis was made in the majority (73.4%) by positive bacteriology and/or histology.

Role of surgery in pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Feasible in the context of a good national programme in resource‐limited settings, but doubts remain over how widely this may be able to be implemented

A case control study in the Indian subcontinent ethnic population on the effect of return visits and the subsequent development of tuberculosis.

Setting: A local government area in North West England with a significant population of Indian subcontinent (ISC) ethnic origin and a high incidence of tuberculosis.

Objective: To assess whether return visits to the ISC are associated with an increased risk of developing clinical tuberculosis.

Methods: Analysis of data prospectively obtained from ISC patients diagnosed with TB in 1998-2002 (cases) and age and sex matched ISC patients in two local GP practices (controls).