Evaluating the neural substrates of effort-expenditure for reward in adults with major depressive disorder and obesity.

Converging evidence has suggested that disturbances in monetary reward processing may subserve the shared biosignature between major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity. However, there remains a paucity of studies that have evaluated the deficits in specific subcomponents of reward functioning in populations with MDD and obesity comorbidity. We evaluated the association between effort-expenditure for monetary reward and neural activation in regions associated with reward-based decision making (i.

An App-Based Digit Symbol Substitution Test for Assessment of Cognitive Deficits in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Evaluation Study.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is an impairing core symptom of depression. Among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with antidepressants, residual cognitive symptoms interfere with patient-reported outcomes. The foregoing characterization of cognitive symptoms provides the rationale for screening and assessing the severity of cognitive symptoms at point of care.

Ketamine as potential treatment for postpartum depression: A narrative review.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe, debilitating mood disorder with consequences for both mothers and children, highlighting the need for rapid-acting and effective treatments for PPD. The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize the available literature on the administration of ketamine for PPD and propose ketamine as a viable and advantageous treatment.

Methods: A search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase databases from inception to October 10, 2021 for preclinical studies, interventional studies (ie, open-label and randomized controlled trials), as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the use of ketamine in postpartum populations.

A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-Guided Dashboard to Review Psilocybin Target Domains: A Systematic Review.

Background: Preliminary results from randomized controlled studies as well as identified molecular, cellular, and circuit targets of select psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin) suggest that their effects are transdiagnostic.

Sex differences in ketamine's therapeutic effects for mood disorders: A systematic review.

Replicated clinical trials have demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant effects with ketamine in treatment resistant mood disorders. Sex (biological) and gender differences in therapeutic effects for any new intervention is an important consideration, however, the differential efficacy, safety and tolerability of ketamine in males versus females remains underexplored. The objective of the present systematic review is to identify and qualitatively synthesize all published clinical studies relevant to the sex differential effects of ketamine for mood disorders.

The effects of antidepressant medications on antiretroviral treatment adherence in HIV-positive individuals with depression.

Background Extant literature has identified Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as a comorbid disorder in individuals with seropositive human immunodeficiency disorder (HIV), and this may affect HIV-treatment efficacy. However, there is a paucity of literature evaluating the effects of antidepressant use on antiretroviral therapies (ART) in HIV-positive individuals. Herein, the following review assesses the effects of antidepressant medications on ART adherence in HIV-positive individuals with diagnosed MDD.

Frequency analysis of symptomatic worsening following ketamine infusions for treatment resistant depression in a real-world sample: Results from the canadian rapid treatment center of excellence.

Antidepressants are associated with symptomatic worsening in a subgroup of patients. Replicated evidence has demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant effects with intravenous (IV) ketamine in treatment resistant depression (TRD); however, the risk of ketamine worsening depressive symptoms in a subgroup of patients remains unknown. Herein we report a retrospective analysis on the rates of symptomatic worsening during an acute course of IV ketamine in individuals with unipolar (n = 142) and bipolar (n = 22) TRD.

Ketamine for psychotic depression: An overview of the glutamatergic system and ketamine's mechanisms associated with antidepressant and psychotomimetic effects.

Approximately 0.35-1% of the general population is afflicted with psychotic depression at some time in their life. Psychotic depression is a subtype of major depressive disorder characterized by mood congruent hallucinations and/or delusions.

Ketamine monotherapy versus adjunctive ketamine in adults with treatment-resistant depression: Results from the Canadian Rapid Treatment Centre of Excellence.

A proportion of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not receive adequate therapeutic benefit from conventional monoaminergic antidepressant drugs, leading to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine has been shown to provide rapid and significant efficacy in treating patients with TRD. The majority of published studies have investigated the adjunctive efficacy of ketamine with one or more monoaminergic antidepressants.

The meaningful change threshold as measured by the 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology in adults with treatment-resistant major depressive and bipolar disorder receiving intravenous ketamine.

Objective: .To identify a meaningful change threshold (MCT) in depression outcomes in adults with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) receiving intravenous ketamine treatment at a community-based mood disorders center.

Method: .

Efficacy of ketamine and esketamine on functional outcomes in treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review.

Background: In recent years, ketamine and esketamine treatment have demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Hitherto, relatively few studies have reported the effect of ketamine/esketamine treatment on functional outcomes (e.g.

Does pre-treatment functioning influence response to intravenous ketamine in adults with treatment-resistant depression?

Background: The efficacy of monoamine-based antidepressants in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) is attenuated in persons with greater pre-treatment functional impairment. Herein, we investigated whether pre-treatment functioning in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) moderates response to intravenous (IV) ketamine.

Methods: Adults (N= 326; M = 45) with DSM-5-defined MDD or bipolar disorder and TRD received repeat-dose IV ketamine at a community-based clinic.

Government response moderates the mental health impact of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of depression outcomes across countries.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a public health, economic and mental health crisis. We hypothesized that timely government implementation of stringent measures to reduce viral transmission would benefit mental health, as evidenced by reduced rates of depressive symptoms (i.e.

Registered clinical studies investigating psychedelic drugs for psychiatric disorders.

Psychedelics are a hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drugs with the primary effect of activating non-ordinary states of consciousness. Due to the positive preliminary findings of these drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, the number of registered clinical studies has risen significantly. In this paper, clinical studies registered on clinicaltrials.

The effect of intravenous ketamine on cognitive functions in adults with treatment-resistant major depressive or bipolar disorders: Results from the Canadian rapid treatment center of excellence (CRTCE).

Ketamine may exert pro-cognitive effects on select measures of cognition in adults with mood disorders. We evaluated the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) ketamine on cognition in 68 adult outpatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at the Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence between July 3, 2018 and April 16, 2020 (NCT04209296). Eligibility criteria for the present retrospective study included: primary diagnosis of major depressive or bipolar disorder; currently depressed; and insufficient response to two or more prior treatments.

Validation of the McIntyre And Rosenblat Rapid Response Scale (MARRRS) in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression Receiving Intravenous Ketamine Treatment.

Background: Depression severity and efficacy measurement scales employed for rapid-acting treatments (e.g., ketamine) were initially validated in adults receiving conventional monoamine-based antidepressants.

Strategies to Prolong Ketamine's Efficacy in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Introduction: Ketamine treatment is capable of significant and rapid symptom improvement in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). A limitation of ketamine treatment in TRD is the relatively short duration of time to relapse (e.g.

The impact of overweight/obesity on monetary reward processing: A systematic review.

Objective: Converging evidence suggests abnormalities in monetary reward processing may underlie the shared pathophysiology between major depressive disorder and obesity. As such, there is a need to parse deficits in specific subcomponents of monetary reward functioning (i.e.

The effectiveness, safety and tolerability of ketamine for depression in adolescents and older adults: A systematic review.

The majority of antidepressant medication trials have focused on adult populations (ages 18-65), with much less research in older and younger populations. Moreover, key differences in the efficacy and safety of antidepressants have been identified between these age groups. Ketamine has emerged as a promising new treatment for treatment resistant depression (TRD).