Comparison of a dichotomous versus trichotomous checklist for neonatal intubation.

Background: To compare validity evidence for dichotomous and trichotomous versions of a neonatal intubation (NI) procedural skills checklist.

Methods: NI skills checklists were developed utilizing an existing framework. Experts were trained on scoring using dichotomous and trichotomous checklists, and rated recordings of 23 providers performing simulated NI.

Intubation Competence During Neonatal Fellowship Training.

Objectives: To characterize neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows' progression toward neonatal intubation procedural competence during fellowship training.

Methods: Multi-center cohort study of neonatal intubation encounters performed by neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows between 2014 through 2018 at North American academic centers in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates. Cumulative sum analysis was used to characterize progression of individual fellows' intubation competence, defined by an 80% overall success rate within 2 intubation attempts.

Current training in percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC) placement and maintenance for neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows.

Objective: To describe the current educational status of percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion/ maintenance training for neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellows in the United States.

Study Design: A cross-sectional 34-question survey was electronically distributed to NPM fellowship training program directors (PDs) in the United States.

Results: The response rate was 81.

Umbilical catheter-associated complications in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: To assess complication rates and risks associated with the use of umbilical catheters.

Study Design: An observational cohort study was conducted in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit over 11 years. Any neonate with an umbilical catheter placed during this period was included.

Utility of Fetal Cardiac Axis and Cardiac Position Assessment in Predicting Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity in Fetal Congenital Lung Lesions.

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic performance of the fetal cardiac axis (CA) and/or cardiac position (CP) versus the congenital pulmonary malformation volume ratio (CVR) in predicting any and severe neonatal respiratory morbidity in fetal congenital lung lesions.

Methods: This work was an 11-year retrospective cohort study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CA and/or CP assessment in prediction of respiratory morbidity were calculated before 24 weeks' gestation and between 24 and 32 weeks and compared to CVR cutoffs obtained from the literature.

Impact of a dedicated nursing team on central line-related complications in neonatal intensive care unit.

To evaluate the impact of a dedicated nursing team on central line insertion success and catheter-related complications. Five nurses were trained in central line insertion and maintenance practices and replaced a team primarily comprised of neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows. A prospective observational cohort study with pre/post-intervention analysis was designed to compare certain aspects of central line insertion and related complications between the two models.

Neonatal Intubation Competency Assessment Tool: Development and Validation.

Background: Neonatal tracheal intubation (NTI) is an important clinical skill. Suboptimal performance is associated with patient harm. Simulation training can improve NTI performance.

Two-Year Neurodevelopment and Growth Outcomes for Preterm Neonates Who Received Low-Dose Intravenous Soybean Oil.

Background: In some studies, the dose of intravenous soybean oil (SO) has been associated with a decreased incidence of intestinal failure-associated liver disease. The effect of lipid sparing on neurodevelopment (ND) and growth remains unknown. This study investigated the impact of SO dose on ND and growth over the first 2 years of age in preterm neonates.

Risk factors for tracheostomy requirement in extremely low birth weight infants.

Aim: To identify variables that affect the risk of tracheostomy in a population of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Methods: A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted. ELBW infants with a tracheostomy were compared with controls without tracheostomy.

Do you see what I see? A randomised pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of simulation-based training with videolaryngoscopy for neonatal intubation.

Introduction: Direct laryngoscopy (DL) and airway intubation are critical for neonatal resuscitation. A challenge in teaching DL is that the instructor cannot assess the learners' airway view. Videolaryngoscopy (VL), which allows display of a patient's airway on a monitor, enables the instructor to view the airway during the procedure.

Is a haptic simulation interface more effective than computer mouse-based interface for neonatal intubation skills training?

Objective: To compare the efficacy of a three-dimensional (3D) haptic interface to a two-dimensional (2D) mouse interface for a screen-based simulation (SBS) neonatal intubation (NI) training intervention. Primary hypothesis: a haptic interface is more effective than a mouse interface for SBS training intervention for NI. Secondary hypothesis: SBS training, regardless of interface, will result in improved NI performance on a neonatal airway simulator.

Low-Dose Intravenous Soybean Oil Emulsion for Prevention of Cholestasis in Preterm Neonates.

Background: Premature infants depend on intravenous fat emulsions to supply essential fatty acids and calories. The dose of soybean-based intravenous fat emulsions (S-IFE) has been associated with parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated liver disease. This study's purpose was to determine if low-dose S-IFE is a safe and effective preventive strategy for cholestasis in preterm neonates.

Systematic use of the RAM nasal cannula in the Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a quality improvement project.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the RAM nasal cannula (NC) with different modes of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: A single center prospective, observational study of infants placed on RAM NC. A small trial (Study 1) was completed in 16 infants on NIV via the RAM NC over a 48-h period to create Summary Statement recommendations.

Clinical and laboratory factors that predict death in very low birth weight infants presenting with late-onset sepsis.

Background: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The ability to predict mortality in infants with LOS based on clinical and laboratory factors at presentation of illness remains limited.

Objectives: To identify predictors of sepsis-associated mortality from a composite risk profile that includes demographic data, category of infecting organism, clinical and laboratory data at onset of illness.

The genetic susceptibility to respiratory distress syndrome.

Previous studies to identify a genetic component to RDS have shown conflicting results. Our objectives were to evaluate and quantify the genetic contribution to RDS using data that comprehensively includes known environmental factors in a large sample of premature twins. Data from a retrospective chart review of twins born at < or =32 wk GA were obtained from two neonatal units.

New syndrome of simplified gyral pattern, micromelia, dysmorphic features and early death.

We report two sisters with a new syndrome of simplified gyral pattern, normal head circumference at birth but with subsequent development of microcephaly, intractable seizures, and early death. Dysmorphic features included coarse face, hypertrichosis, short nose, paranasal widening, long philtrum, short neck, upper limb micromelia, single transverse palmar lines, and clasp thumbs. The proband had repeated convulsions from shortly after birth and she required continuous artificial ventilation.

Branchial cyst, sensorineural deafness, congenital heart defect, and skeletal abnormalities: Branchio-oto-cardio-skeletal (BOCS) syndrome?

This article describes a boy with an unusual combination of features, namely, intrauterine growth retardation, short stature, branchial cyst, sensorineural hearing loss, congenital heart defect, rib and vertebral abnormalities, micromelia, brachymesophalangia, and absence of phalanges. We suggest that these findings comprise a new entity of combined branchio-oto and cardio-digital developmental field abnormalities, which we termed branchio-oto-cardio-skeletal syndrome. The pattern of inheritance remains uncertain.