Self-reported PTSD symptoms and social support in U.S. military service members and veterans: a meta-analysis.

: The mental health burden of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is high in U.S. military samples.

The association between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of betrayal trauma: a meta-analysis.

: Betrayal traumas have a particularly deleterious effect on mental health. Although social support is a robust predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, it is not clear what factors may impact this relationship among betrayal trauma survivors. : This study sought to describe the association between social support and PTSD symptom severity among survivors of betrayal trauma and examine whether methodological, sample, trauma, and social support characteristics moderated this association.

Examining moderators of the relationship between social support and self-reported PTSD symptoms: A meta-analysis.

Social support is one of the most robust predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, little is known about factors that moderate the relationship between social support and PTSD symptom severity. This meta-analysis estimated the overall effect size of the relationship between self-reported social support and PTSD severity and tested meaningful demographic, social support, and trauma characteristics that may moderate this association using both cross-sectional and longitudinal effect sizes.

'It's a traumatic illness, traumatic to witness': a qualitative study of the experiences of bereaved family caregivers of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are rare cancers, which can be difficult to diagnose, are incurable and adversely affect quality of life, particularly in advanced disease. Families often provide care, but little is known about their experiences or needs while caring for their relative with advanced disease or in bereavement.

Objectives: To explore the experiences of bereaved family caregivers of patients with CTCL.

Endogenous Opioid Function and Responses to Morphine: The Moderating Effects of Anger Expressiveness.

Unlabelled: Long-term use of opioid analgesics may be ineffective or associated with significant negative side effects for some people. At present, there is no sound method of identifying optimal opioid candidates. Individuals with chronic low back pain (n = 89) and healthy control individuals (n = 102) underwent ischemic pain induction with placebo, opioid blockade (naloxone), and morphine in counterbalanced order.

Psychosocial factors predict opioid analgesia through endogenous opioid function.

Use of opioid analgesics for management of chronic nonmalignant pain has become common, yet there are presently no well-validated predictors of optimal opioid analgesic efficacy. We examined whether psychosocial factors (eg, depressive symptoms) predicted changes in spontaneous low back pain after administration of opioid analgesics, and whether endogenous opioid (EO) function mediated these relationships. Participants with chronic low back pain but who were not chronic opioid users (N = 89) underwent assessment of low back pain intensity pre- and post-drug in 3 (counterbalanced) conditions: (1) placebo, (2) intravenous naloxone, and (3) intravenous morphine.

Do Resting Plasma β-Endorphin Levels Predict Responses to Opioid Analgesics?

Objectives: Clinically feasible predictors of opioid analgesic responses for use in precision pain medicine protocols are needed. This study evaluated whether resting plasma β-endorphin (BE) levels predicted responses to an opioid analgesic, and whether chronic pain status or sex moderated these effects.

Methods: Participants included 73 individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and 88 pain-free controls, all using no daily opioid analgesics.

Expectancy Effects on Conditioned Pain Modulation Are Not Influenced by Naloxone or Morphine.

Background: Recent studies suggest that participant expectations influence pain ratings during conditioned pain modulation testing. The present study extends this work by examining expectancy effects among individuals with and without chronic back pain after administration of placebo, naloxone, or morphine.

Purpose: This study aims to identify the influence of individual differences in expectancy on changes in heat pain ratings obtained before, during, and after a forearm ischemic pain stimulus.

The Contribution of Differential Opioid Responsiveness to Identification of Opioid Risk in Chronic Pain Patients.

Unlabelled: The Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) predicts increased risk of opioid misuse in chronic pain patients. We evaluated whether higher SOAPP-R scores are associated with greater opioid reinforcing properties, potentially contributing to their predictive utility. Across 2 counterbalanced laboratory sessions, 55 chronic low back pain sufferers completed the SOAPP-R at baseline and measures of back pain intensity, evoked pain responsiveness (thermal, ischemic), and subjective opioid effects after receiving intravenous morphine (.

'We had to change to single beds because I itch in the night': a qualitative study of the experiences, attitudes and approaches to coping of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Background: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare but prevalent condition which can have a significant impact on many aspects of quality of life. However, there is little evidence of patients' lived experience of CTCL.

Objectives: To understand in greater depth patients' experiences of living and coping with CTCL, and to inform the development of models of care for this population in line with U.

'We're all carrying a burden that we're not sharing': a qualitative study of the impact of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma on the family.

Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare, progressive cancer that can be life limiting and highly disfiguring. Patients with CTCL experience poor quality of life; however, there is little published about the experiences of their families.

Objectives: To describe the impact of CTCL on family members and how they cope and adjust, to inform support services.

What are the supportive and palliative care needs of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and their caregivers? A systematic review of the evidence.

Background: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is progressive, can cause significant symptoms, and impacts on quality of life. Therefore supportive and palliative care might have a role in the care of patients and families.

Objectives: To identify and appraise the available peer-reviewed evidence on the supportive and palliative care needs of patients and their caregivers.

Deficits in dopamine D(2) receptors and presynaptic dopamine in heroin dependence: commonalities and differences with other types of addiction.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have shown that addiction to a number of substances of abuse is associated with a decrease in dopamine D(2/3) receptor binding and decreased presynaptic dopamine release in the striatum. Some studies have also shown that these reductions are associated with the severity of addiction. For example, in cocaine dependence, low dopamine release is associated with the choice to self-administer cocaine.

The neuropsychological profile of galactosaemia.

Long-term follow-up studies of individuals with galactosaemia have indicated that despite a strict galactose-free diet, cognitive functioning is often below average. This study was designed to examine the neuropsychological profile of individuals with galactosaemia in terms of IQ, memory, executive functioning, perceptual abilities and educational outcome. Twenty-eight people with classic galactosaemia and no comorbid neurological or psychiatric disorder took part.

Dopamine type 2/3 receptor availability in the striatum and social status in human volunteers.

Background: Previous positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in nonhuman primates have shown that striatal dopamine type 2/3 (D(2/3)) receptors correlate with social hierarchy in monkeys and that dominant animals exhibit higher levels of D(2/3) receptor binding. The goal of the present study was to examine this phenomena in human subjects using PET and the radiotracer [(11)C]raclopride.

Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers were scanned with [(11)C]raclopride to measure D(2/3) receptor binding potential (BP).

Neuropsychometric outcome predictors for adults with maple syrup urine disease.

We describe 14 adult MSUD patients (3 with intermediate MSUD) with varied clinical and neuropsychometric outcomes. Age at diagnosis appears to be a predictor of IQ even in adults, while long-term blood leucine does not correlate with IQ.