Topical Carboxytherapy for Skin Rejuvenation.

Driven by public demand, new safe and effective approaches for achieving dermal rejuvenation are continuously being developed. Recently, there has been growing interest and advances in carbon dioxide therapy, or carboxytherapy. Based on the Bohr effect, carboxytherapy enhances the release of O from the blood into the surrounding tissues in response to increased blood CO.

Measuring psychotherapist functioning with the Therapist Work Involvement Scales (TWIS): reliability, factor structure, and measurement invariance.

Objectives: The Therapist Work Involvement Scales (TWIS) is a self-report research instrument that enables a multilayered description of psychotherapists' experiences when treating clients. The TWIS was created in a comprehensive study of close to 5,000 psychotherapists, and has been used in multiple studies. The aim of the current paper is to clarify the organization and statistical characteristics of the TWIS, and to present an updated version for longitudinal and cross-sectional research.

Comparing the Efficacy and Tolerability of Moderate to Severe Hyperpigmentation and Skin Unevenness.

Dyschromia is the result of irregular facial pigmentation. These cutaneous manifestations can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those affected, especially among females and skin of color. In this randomized, double-blinded, two-cell, single-center, 16-week clinical study, all subjects had moderate to severe (scores 4-9 on the modified Griffiths Scale) hyperpigmentation and skin unevenness of the face such that approximately 20% of subjects had post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), 40% had overall mottled hyperpigmentation, and 40% had superficial melasma (Superficial Melasma was determined by Wood's Lamp Assessment).

Generalized Vitiligo Following Radiation Therapy for a B2 Thymoma: A Case Report.

Vitiligo is an idiopathic skin disorder of multifactorial etiology that is characterized by skin depigmentation. Generalized vitiligo following radiation therapy has rarely been reported in the literature. The mechanism underlying radiation-induced disseminated vitiligo is not yet fully understood.

Psychotherapist Trainees' Quality of Life: Patterns and Correlates.

While psychotherapists are trained to improve their clients' quality of life, little work has examined the quality of life experienced by psychotherapist trainees themselves. Yet their life satisfactions and stresses would plausibly affect both their ability to learn new skills and conduct psychotherapy. Therefore, in the Society for Psychotherapy Research Interest Section on Psychotherapist Development and Training study, we investigated the patterns of self-reported life quality and their correlates in a multinational sample of 1,214 psychotherapist trainees.

[Psychotherapy training in Austria: Baseline and socio-demographic background data from a SPRISTAD (ociety of sychotherapy esearch nterest ection on Therapist raining and evelopment)-Pilotstudy].

Description of the qualifications of psychotherapy-training candidates in Austria at the beginning of their training. Psychotherapists in training in Austria were interviewed at the beginning of their training concerning their socio-demographic background and prior education. These background data were collected using the Trainee Background Information Form (TBIF), which was designed by the Society for Psychotherapy Research Interest Section on Therapist Training and Development (SPRISTAD).

The personal self of psychotherapists: Dimensions, correlates, and relations with clients.

Objective: The personal self of psychotherapists, that is, experiences of self in close personal relationships and its association with therapists' individual and professional attributes is explored. The study aimed to: (a) describe therapists' self-ratings on specific self-attributes; (b) determine their dimensionality; (c) explore demographic, psychological, and professional correlates; and (d) assess the convergence with professional self.

Method: Data from the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire were available for > 10,000 psychotherapists of various professions, theoretical orientations, career levels, and nations.

Lessons from literature for psychotherapy practice and research1.

Insights from the study of literature can inform and clarify concepts to guide psychotherapy practice and research. The author offers instances from narrative fiction (Durrell's Alexandria Quartet) and poetry (Hopkins, Baudelaire) to illustrate how the formulation of experience in words that are evocative (vs. ordinary), original (vs.

Trainees' self-evaluation of their development as psychotherapists: An Italian contribution to an international collaborative study on psychotherapy training.

This study presents a pilot contribution to the new collaborative, multinational study of psychotherapy trainee development that was undertaken by the Society for Psychotherapy Research Interest Section on Therapist Training and Development (see Orlinsky, Strauss, Rønnestad, et al., ). Although the main project is longitudinal in design, this preliminary study investigated cross-sectional differences between trainees in different years of training and explored the influence of core training experiences-including supervision and personal therapy-on their perceived development as therapists.

How do patients with anorexia nervosa "process" psychotherapy between sessions? A comparison of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic interventions.

Objective: Patients' processing of psychotherapy between sessions ("inter-session process" (ISP)) has been repeatedly shown to be related to outcome. The aim of this study was to compare ISP characteristics of cognitive-behavioral vs. psychodynamic psychotherapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) and their relation to outcome.

The Intersession Process in Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa: Characteristics and Relation to Outcome.

Objective: The "inter session process" (ISP) is defined as therapy-related conscious thoughts, memories, and emotions that patients and therapists experience between psychotherapy sessions. It indicates how the participants process and use treatment. The main aim of this study is to describe the ISP characteristics of patients in outpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN).

Psychotherapists Growing Older: A Study of Senior Practitioners.

A sample of 1,102 psychotherapists aged 60 years and older was selected from the multinational database of the Society for Psychotherapy Research Collaborative Research Network. These older therapists were first described in terms of gender, generation, years in practice, civil status, professional background, and theoretical orientation. To compare them on practice-related characteristics with cohorts of younger therapists, the following age-based taxonomy was developed: young adult (21 < 30); prime adult (30 < 45); mature adult (45 < 60); senior adult (60 to 90).

Accuracy of therapist perceptions of patients' alliance: Exploring the divergence.

Objective: The therapeutic alliance is a well-established predictor of psychotherapy outcome, yet much research has shown that therapists' and patients' views of the alliance can diverge substantially. Therapists systematically underestimate their patients' perceived level of alliance, and the correlation between therapist and patient estimates of patient alliance is only moderate. The present study explored the divergence between therapists' and patients' perspectives on patients' alliance experience, and its relations to therapists' concurrent work involvement and session process experiences.

Psychotherapists' personal identities, theoretical orientations, and professional relationships: elective affinity and role adjustment as modes of congruence.

Research shows psychotherapists espousing different theoretical approaches differ in mentality (e.g., cognitive styles, beliefs and epistemologies) and personality (e.

Stressful involvement in psychotherapeutic work: therapist, client and process correlates.

We examined potential predictors of therapists' "Stressful Involvement" (SI) among variables reflecting the psychotherapy process, therapist characteristics, patients' symptom severity or context variables (treatment setting). Ninety-eight sequences from individual psychodynamic treatments conducted by 26 therapists were studied. Data were analyzed using mixed regression models.

The structure of intersession experience in psychotherapy and its relation to the therapeutic alliance.

During the days-long or week-long intervals between their therapy sessions, patients typically recollect, reflect on, practice, and imaginatively elaborate on experiences they had during sessions with their therapists. These "intersession experiences" (IE) have been studied for some time with the Intersession Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) in Germany and the United States. This study aims to compare the factor structure of the English and the German versions of the IEQ and to explore the relation of IE to the therapeutic alliance, as a key process variable usually associated with outcome.

Utilization of personal therapy by psychotherapists: a practice-friendly review and a new study.

This article offers both a practice-friendly review of research on therapists' personal therapy and a new study of personal psychotherapy among 3,995 psychologists, counselors, social workers, psychiatrists, and nurses in 6 English-speaking countries. The prevalence of personal therapy as it relates to professional discipline, theoretical orientation, gender, and career level are studied. Findings showed that 87% of the overall sample embarked on personal therapy at least once: 94% of analytic/psychodynamic therapists, 91% of humanistic therapists, 73% of cognitive-behavioral therapists, 82% of the novice therapists to 89% of senior therapists.

Session and intersession experience related to treatment outcome in bulimia nervosa.

Treatment in bulimia nervosa is challenging, with rates of successful treatments for only about 50% of all patients. This study aimed to identify predictors of outcome through secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial that compared inpatient and day hospital treatment for bulimia. Process measures included assessments of patients' in-session experiences, therapeutic alliance, and therapy-related intersession experiences (ISE).

Professional development perceptions and activities of psychiatrists and mental health nurses in New Zealand.

Aims: Psychiatrists (n=26) and mental health nurses (n=18) engaged in the practice of psychotherapy were surveyed regarding their perceptions and engagement in professional development activities.

Methods: Collaborative Research Network's (CRN) methodology was followed, and comparisons with CRN samples from Canada and the United States of America (USA) were undertaken.

Results: New Zealand psychiatrists reported perceived development across their careers, but their ratings were lower than those of nurses.

"You were always on my mind": therapists' intersession experiences in relation to their therapeutic practice, professional characteristics, and quality of life.

The experience of "being held in the mind of another" is a powerful metaphor for any relationship and is particularly pertinent to the therapist-patient bond. This study explores the frequency of therapists' thoughts and feelings about their patients between sessions (intersession experiences) and the relation of these to therapists' professional and demographic characteristics, difficulties experienced and coping strategies used in practice, and personal quality of life. Therapists (N=1,040) from the United States, Canada, and New Zealand completed the Therapist Intersession Experience Scale included in a survey with the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire (Orlinsky & Rønnestad, 2005).

[What would I like to read in the next 10 years of psychotherapy research? A critique and suggested correction of the therapy research paradigm].

The established paradigm in psychotherapy research is oriented to the dominant bio-medical research paradigm, which is too narrow and decontextualized to generate realistic (and thus truly scientific) studies in our field. The central assumptions of this paradigm are critically discussed and an expansion is suggested that can provide a more adequate conception of the human contexts of psychotherapy (biographical, sociocultural, political-economic). Researchers need to have a more specific theoretical conception of the contexts in which actual clinical practice occurs.

Internalization of the therapeutic process: differences between borderline and neurotic patients.

Intersession process in psychotherapy refers to the thoughts, memories, and feelings about each other and about their therapy sessions that participants experience during the intervals between sessions. This study compared the intersession process experienced by patients who had been diagnosed with severe borderline personality disorders (BPD) with others who had not. A total of 76 patients with neurotic disturbances and 20 patients with BPD were treated in a therapeutic day clinic and completed the Intersession Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) before sessions of individual psychotherapy and the Session Questionnaire (Stundenbogen) after those sessions.

Becoming and being a psychotherapist: a psychodynamic memoir and meditation.

The author reflects on the circumstances of his becoming a psychotherapist and meditates on their meaning. He notes the effect on his survival through childhood of his grandparents' emigration from Europe and the influence of his close-knit family on his personal needs and values. He then reflects on his early vocational interests; the transformational power of his education, as a student and faculty, at the University of Chicago; and the constructive force of his professional collaboration and personal friendship with Kenneth Howard.