"Comparative analysis of predictors of failure for high-flow nasal cannula in bronchiolitis".

Objective: To assess a comparative analysis of the ROX index, Wood-Downes-Ferrés score (WDF), p-ROXI, and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio as predictors of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) failure in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis.

Methods: Data were extracted from the clinical trial "Comparison between HFNC and NIV in children with acute respiratory failure caused by bronchiolitis" conducted at a tertiary Brazilian hospital (Emergency Department and PICU). The inclusion criteria were children under 2 years of age admitted for bronchiolitis who developed mild to moderate respiratory distress and were eligible for HFNC therapy.

Structured respiratory physiotherapy protocol for resolution of atelectasis in pediatric intensive care.

Children are at higher risk of atelectasis due to their anatomical and physiological particularities. Several physiotherapy techniques are used to treat atelectasis, but only four studies cite methods in pediatric patients undergoing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV). The objective of this study was to evaluate the Structured Respiratory Physiotherapy Protocol (SRPP) for airway clearance and lung reexpansion for infants on IMV with atelectasis.

Assessment of newborn neuropsychomotor development born with exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the perinatal period using the Bayley III scale at 6 months of age.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the Neuropsychomotor Development (NPMD) of newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the perinatal period using the Bayley III scale at 6 months of age.

Methods: Childcare appointments were scheduled for the included newborns in the study. During the 6-month consultation, the Screening Test for Bayley III Scale and, based on it, children were classified as "low risk", "moderate risk" or "high risk" in the domains: of cognitive, receptive language, expressive language, fine motor, and gross motor.

Patterns of Circulating Cytokines and Vascular Markers' Response in the Presence of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients Compared with Non-Transplanted Patients.

COVID-19's severity has been associated with a possible imbalance in the cross-regulation of cytokines and vascular mediators. Since the beginning of the pandemic, kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have been identified as patients of high vulnerability to more severe diseases. Thus, aiming to describe the patterns of cytokines and vascular mediators and to trace patients' differences according to their KTR status, this prospective study enrolled 67 COVID-19 patients (20 KTRs) and 29 non-COVID-19 controls before vaccination.

Knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management among Brazilian pediatric intensivists: a cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To assess Brazilian pediatric intensivists' general knowledge of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including evidence for its use, the national funding model, indications, and complications.

Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional survey including 45 Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. A convenience sample of 654 intensivists was surveyed regarding their knowledge on managing patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, its indications, complications, funding, and literature evidence.

The risks of the new morbidities acquired during pediatric onco-critical care and their life-shortening effects.

Objective: The authors investigated the functional status at ICU admission and at hospital discharge, and the impact of dysfunctions on survivors' lifespan.

Method: Single-center retrospective cohort. The FSS (Functional Status Scale) was calculated at ICU admission and at hospital discharge.

A case-control study of Clostridioides difficile symptomatic infections in a pediatric cancer hospital.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze and identify documented infections and possible risk factors for Clostridioides difficile infections in children with cancer.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study, carried out in a pediatric cancer hospital, covering the years 2016-2019. Matching was performed by age and underlying disease, and for each case, the number of controls varied from 1 to 3.

Children with malignancies and septic shock - an attempt to understand the risk factors.

Objectives: To explain the high mortality of septic shock in children with cancer.

Methods: A retrospective cohort from 2016 to 2020, of children aged 0 to 18 years, and septic shock.

Results: The authors included 139 patients.

Clinical practices related to high-flow nasal cannulas in pediatric critical care in Brazil compared to other countries: a Brazilian survey.

Objective: To describe current clinical practices related to the use of high-flow nasal cannula therapy by Brazilian pediatric intensivists and compare them with those in other countries.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to pediatric intensivists in North and South America, Asia, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand for the main study. We compared the Brazilian cohort with cohorts in the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom, and India.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in children: the years before and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.

Objective: To evaluate whether there was any impact on the number of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs and survival rates in the years subsequent to the 2009 pandemic.

Methods: We studied two different periods of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for respiratory failure in children by analyzing datasets from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were constructed to estimate the effect of the pandemic.

Prevalence and functional status of children with complex chronic conditions in Brazilian PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The proportion of children with complex chronic conditions is increasing in PICUs around the world. We determined the prevalence and functional status of children with complex chronic conditions in Brazilian PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The authors conducted a point prevalence cross-sectional study among fifteen Brazilian PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tracheostomy practices in children on mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate current practices of tracheostomy in children regarding the ideal timing of tracheostomy placement, complications, indications, mortality, and success in decannulation.

Source Of Data: The authors searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and complemented by manual search. The guidelines of PRISMA and MOOSE were applied.

Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Children: Review of the Definition.

Objectives: To review existing definitions of prolonged mechanical ventilation in children.

Design: Review of the literature.

Setting: Not applicable.

ALVEOLAR RECRUITMENT MANEUVERS FOR CHILDREN WITH CANCER AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: A FEASIBILITY STUDY.

Objective: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be a devastating condition in children with cancer and alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARMs) can theoretically improve oxygenation and survival. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of ARMs in critically ill children with cancer and ARDS.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 31 maneuvers in a series of 12 patients (median age of 8.

Undernutrition as an Aggravating Risk for Hospital Death in Critically Ill Children with Cancer.

Objectives: Undernourished children with cancer are at major risk for adverse outcomes. We intended to model nutritional status as risk factor for hospital death.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of two cohorts of children admitted in an oncology/hematology intensive care unit.

PRISM 4-C: An Adapted PRISM IV Algorithm for Children With Cancer.

We evaluated the performance of PRISM IV for pediatric cancer patients, and adapted and calibrated the algorithm to calculate mortality probabilities for these patients. An ambidirectional cohort was used, and data were collected from March 2017 prospectively to April 2019, and retrospectively to November 2014. The derivation set for model building contained 500 patients, and a validation set of 503 patients.

The Impact of the Novel Coronavirus on Brazilian PICUs.

Objectives: To study the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, considering the physical distancing and schools closing, on the characteristics of admission and epidemiology on Brazilian PICUs.

Design: Observational, multicenter, time series analysis, of electronic medical records from 15 PICU in Brazil. Data consisted of all March, April, and May PICU admissions from 2017 to 2020.

The zero impact of the Vehicle Inspection Program on public health in São Paulo, SP.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of two interventions (implementation and suspension of mandatory vehicle inspection) on morbidity and mortality due to conditions related to air pollution, from 2008 to 2017. METHODS Interrupted time series (ARIMA models), using data available in public repositories. RESULTS A total of 229,337 children of up to 5 years old were hospitalized due to respiratory diseases, and 1,053 died (average monthly mortality ratio for this population: 1.

Practices related to assessment of sedation, analgesia and delirium among critical care pediatricians in Brazil.

Objective: To understand the use of tools, protocols and comfort measures related to sedation/analgesia, and to screen the occurrence of delirium in pediatric intensive care units.

Methods: A survey with 14 questions was distributed by e-mail to Brazilian critical care pediatricians. Eight questions addressed physician and hospital demographics, and six inquired practices to assess sedation, analgesia, and delirium in pediatric intensive care units.

T helper type cytokines in sepsis: time-shared variance and correlation with organ dysfunction and hospital mortality.

Objective: We evaluated the kinetics of cytokines belonging to the T helper1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 profiles in septic patients, and their correlations with organ dysfunction and hospital mortality.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study in a cohort of septic patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) of three Brazilian general hospitals. A total of 104 septic patients and 53 health volunteers (controls) were included.

A pharmacokinetic model for voriconazole in a highly diversified population of children and adolescents with cancer.

Background: The wide pharmacokinetic variability of voriconazole leads to uncertainty regarding adequate exposure.

Objectives: To create a pharmacokinetic model that could help to explain the variability.

Methods: Retrospective review of paediatric patients with cancer.

Cytokine Kinetics in Febrile Neutropenic Children: Insights on the Usefulness as Sepsis Biomarkers, Influence of Filgrastim, and Behavior of the IL-23/IL-17 Pathway.

Background: The study aimed to describe the kinetics of various cytokines from day 1 to day 14 of the onset of fever in neutropenic children and to evaluate their performances as discriminators of sepsis in the first 24 hours of fever, the possible influence of filgrastim, and the functioning of the IL-23/IL-17 axis.

Methods: IL-1, TNF-, IL-10, IL-12/23p40, IL-21, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were measured in plasma on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 14 from the onset of fever in 35 patients.

Results: Thirteen patients (37.

Sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome in children with cancer: the respiratory dynamics of a devastating condition.

Objective:: To evaluate the clinical course and respiratory parameters of mechanically ventilated children with cancer suffering from sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods:: This 2-year prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study enrolled 29 children and adolescents. Clinical data, measurements of blood gases and ventilation parameters were collected at four different time points.

Vancomycin Therapeutic Targets and Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Children With Cancer.

To obtain pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for vancomycin in a cohort of critically ill pediatric oncology patients, we analyzed 256 measurements of vancomycin concentrations in 94 patients. Variables were tested as possible risk factors for vancomycin-related nephrotoxicity or death for 28 days. We found the following: mean vancomycin trough serum concentration, 15.