Association of radiomic features with genomic signatures in thyroid cancer: a systematic review.

Background: There is a growing interest on the association of radiomic features with genomic signatures in oncology. Using computational methods, quantitative radiomic data are extracted from various imaging techniques and integrated with genomic information to construct predictive models aimed at advancing diagnostic strategies in cancer patient management. In this context, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the current knowledge on potential application of this association in patients with thyroid cancer (TC).

Exercise's impact on lung cancer molecular mechanisms: a current overview.

Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an estimated 1.8 million deaths and 2.4 million new cases in 2022.

Insight into the Role of the miR-584 Family in Human Cancers.

Among the non-coding RNAs, the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is well described in the oncology field. It is clear that the altered expression of miRNAs is crucial for a variety of processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, motility, angiogenesis and metastasis insurgence. Considering these aspects, RNA-based therapies and the use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis are underlined as promising opportunities against cancer death.

miR-331-5p Affects Motility of Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines and Regulates BID Expression.

During tumorigenesis, miRNAs with unbalanced expression profiles can increase the threat of disease progression. Here, we focus on the role of miR-331-5p in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer (TC). In vitro studies were conducted using TC cell lines after the forced expression and silencing of miR-331-5p.

Unveiling the miRNAs responsive to physical activity/exercise training in cancer: A systematic review.

Purpose: Since cancer-related miRNAs expression are affected by physical activity/exercise, they represent an attractive tool to monitor this response in healthy and in cancer subjects. Here, we aim to update the literature regarding the benefit of this axis in oncology field.

Method: We systematically questioned the literature according to PRISMA guidelines defining our questions by PICO tool and carrying out the risk of bias and quality assessment by NOS.

Evolution of intra-tumoral heterogeneity across different pathological stages in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) results from the continuous accumulation of mutations during disease progression, thus impacting patients' clinical outcome. How the ITH evolves across papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) different tumor stages is lacking.

Methods: We used the whole-exome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) cohort to track the ITH and assessed its relationship with clinical features through different stages of the PTC progression.

Effects of Flesh Apple Polyphenols in Human Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines.

Among natural macromolecules, the polyphenol extract from flesh (FPE) apple could play a potential therapeutic role for a large spectrum of human cancer also by exerting antioxidant properties. Thyroid cancer is a common neoplasia in women, and it is in general responsive to treatments although patients may relapse and metastasize or therapy-related side effects could occur. In this study, we explored the effects of FPE on papillary (TPC-1) and anaplastic (CAL62) thyroid cancer cell line proliferation and viability.

Preclinical Imaging Evaluation of miRNAs' Delivery and Effects in Breast Cancer Mouse Models: A Systematic Review.

Background: We have conducted a systematic review focusing on the advancements in preclinical molecular imaging to study the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of miRNAs in mouse models of breast cancer.

Methods: A systematic review of English articles published in peer-reviewed journals using PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS™ and Scopus was performed. Search terms included breast cancer, mouse, mice, microRNA(s) and miRNA(s).

The lncRNA TEX41 is upregulated in pediatric B-Cells Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and it is necessary for leukemic cell growth.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a diverse class of RNAs involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological cellular processes, including transcription, intracellular trafficking, and chromosome remodeling. LncRNAs deregulation was linked to the development and progression of various cancer types, such as acute leukemias. In this context, lncRNAs were also evaluated as a novel class of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Regular football training down-regulates miR-1303 muscle expression in veterans.

Purpose: Regular exercise affects the expression of several genes, proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) in time- and intensity-dependent manner promoting longevity. We previously identified from GeneChip Array analysis several differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in muscle from veteran football players (VPG) compared to active untrained elderly subjects (CG); here we focussed on miRNA-1303 (miR-1303). The aims of the present research were: to analyse the effects of football training on the expression of miR-1303 and to identify its putative target involved in the longevity pathways in skeletal muscle from VPG compared to CG.

Adiponectin and leptin exert antagonizing effects on proliferation and motility of papillary thyroid cancer cell lines.

Adiponectin (Acrp30) and leptin, adipokines produced and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, are involved in human carcinogenesis. Thyroid carcinomas are frequent endocrine cancers, and several evidences suggest that they are correlated with obesity. In this study, we first analyzed the expression levels and prognostic values of Acrp30, leptin, and their receptors in thyroid cancer cells.

Dissecting the molecular pathways involved in the effects of physical activity on breast cancers cells: A narrative review.

Epidemiologic evidence suggests that obesity and sedentary are modifiable factors strongly associated with breast cancer risk worldwide. Since breast cancer represents the most frequent malignant neoplasm and the second cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, an insight into the molecular mechanisms clarifying the effects of physical activity in breast cancer cells could have important implication for changing this cancer burden. In this narrative Review article, we summarize the current knowledge, regarding the effects of adapted physical activity program, focusing on the cellular signaling pathways activated and on the molecular markers involved in breast cancer.

lncRNAs-mRNAs Co-Expression Network Underlying Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Pilot Study.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key gene regulators in the pathogenesis and development of various cancers including B lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). In this pilot study, we used RNA-Seq transcriptomic data for identifying novel lncRNA-mRNA cooperative pairs involved in childhood B-ALL pathogenesis. We conceived a bioinformatic pipeline based on unsupervised PCA feature extraction approach and stringent statistical criteria to extract potential childhood B-ALL lncRNA signatures.

miR-622 is a novel potential biomarker of breast carcinoma and impairs motility of breast cancer cells through targeting NUAK1 kinase.

Background: Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miR) has been proposed as non-invasive biomarkers for breast cancers. The aim of this study was to analyse the miR-622 level in the plasma and in tissues of breast cancer patients and to explore the role of miR-622 and its target, the NUAK1 kinase, in this context.

Methods: miR-622 expression was analysed in plasma and in tissues samples of breast cancer patients by q-RT-PCR.

The TUSC2 Tumour Suppressor Inhibits the Malignant Phenotype of Human Thyroid Cancer Cells via SMAC/DIABLO Protein.

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer and includes different forms. Among these, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest but the most lethal subtype, compared to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) which shows an overall good prognosis. We have previously showed that Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2), a known tumour suppressor gene, is downregulated in human PTC and ATC compared to normal thyroid samples.

miR-650 promotes motility of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells by targeting PPP2CA.

Purpose: Aberrant expression of miRNAs is crucial in several tissues tumorigenesis including thyroid. Recent studies demonstrated that miR-650 plays different role depending on the cancer type. Herein, we investigated the role of miR-650 in thyroid carcinoma.

Junctional adhesion molecule-A is down-regulated in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and reduces cancer cell aggressiveness by modulating p53 and GSK3 α/β pathways.

Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane protein that contributes to different biological process, including the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Through an EMT profiler array, we explored the molecular players associated with human thyroid cancer progression and identified JAM-A as one of the genes mostly deregulated. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that downregulation of JAM-A occurred in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) compared with normal thyroid (NT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and correlated with extrathyroid infiltration, tumor size, and ATC histotype.

Preclinical Imaging for the Study of Mouse Models of Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid cancer, which represents the most common tumors among endocrine malignancies, comprises a wide range of neoplasms with different clinical aggressiveness. One of the most important challenges in research is to identify mouse models that most closely resemble human pathology; other goals include finding a way to detect markers of disease that common to humans and mice and to identify the most appropriate and least invasive therapeutic strategies for specific tumor types. Preclinical thyroid imaging includes a wide range of techniques that allow for morphological and functional characterization of thyroid disease as well as targeting and in most cases, this imaging allows quantitative analysis of the molecular pattern of the thyroid cancer.

Multimodal imaging for a theranostic approach in a murine model of B-cell lymphoma with engineered nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising tool for in vivo multimodality imaging and theranostic applications. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based NPs have numerous active groups that make them ideal as tumor-targeted carriers. The B-lymphoma neoplastic cells express on their surfaces a clone-specific immunoglobulin receptor (Ig-BCR).

TWIST1/miR-584/TUSC2 pathway induces resistance to apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells.

TWIST1, a transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies; TWIST1 is overexpressed in ATC and increases thyroid cancer cell survival, migration and invasion. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TWIST1 are partially known.

High-Frequency Ultrasound-Guided Injection for the Generation of a Novel Orthotopic Mouse Model of Human Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and has an increasing incidence. High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) has a spatial resolution of 30 μm, which is a property that has been exploited for thyroid visualization and analysis in mice. The aim of this study was to generate a novel orthotopic mouse model of human follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) using an HFUS-guided injection system.

Anterior gradient protein 2 promotes survival, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells.

Background: Through a transcriptome microarray analysis, we have isolated Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) as a gene up-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AGR2 is a disulfide isomerase over-expressed in several human carcinomas and recently linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we analyzed the expression of AGR2 in PTC and its functional role.

Identification of targets of Twist1 transcription factor in thyroid cancer cells.

Context: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human tumors. Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in cancer development and progression. We showed that Twist1 affects thyroid cancer cell survival and motility.