Production of the artemisinin precursor amorpha-4,11-diene by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The gene encoding for amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from Artemisia annua was transformed into yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two fundamentally different ways. First, the gene was subcloned into the galactose-inducible, high-copy number yeast expression vector pYeDP60 and used to transform the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK113-5D.

Smoking during pregnancy: comparison of self-reports and cotinine levels in 496 women.

Objective: To validate self-reported smoking habits in smoking pregnant women and estimate the prevalence of substantial exposure to passive smoking in non-smoking pregnant women.

Design: Retrospective, quantitative study, consecutively collected samples.

Setting: One antenatal clinic in Blekinge County, Sweden.