Characterization of dark septate endophytic fungi Periconia macrospinosa isolated from roots of sugarcane in São Paulo, Brazil.

Dark Septate Endophytic (DSE) fungi can benefit plants by optimizing nutrient uptake, biosynthesis of phytohormones-like compounds, and stress relief such as toxic metals. The objective was to characterize in vitro 57 strains of the DSE Periconia macrospinosa isolated from sugarcane roots, indicating the most promising in solubilizing phosphate sources, growing in different metal and vinasse contents, and producing molecules related to indoleacetic acid (IAA). The strains were from the Embrapa Agrobiology Fungi Collection.

Effects of direct and conventional planting systems on mycorrhizal activity in wheat grown in the Cerrado.

Direct planting systems offer several benefits to the soil and plants, as reflected in soil organisms. The Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and can be used as indicators of soil quality. This study focused on the native diversity of mycorrhizae in the region.

Mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular in organic and conventional sugarcane systems.

Organic production systems are increasingly gaining market share; however, there are still few studies on their influence on the activity of soil microorganisms in sugarcane. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, and their activity can be used as a parameter of comparison and quality between organic and conventional systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate mycorrhizal activity in different varieties of sugarcane under two production systems.

Association of mycoheterotrophic Gentianaceae with specific Glomus lineages.

Some plant species took an alternative evolutionary pathway in which they lost their photosynthetic capacity to depend exclusively on carbon supplied by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in an association called mycoheterotrophy. Among them is Voyriella parviflora, a species of the family Gentianaceae, which is found in tropical regions such as the Amazon basin. Here, we assessed the identity of AMF symbionts associated with this species.

Pioneer Tree (Melastomataceae) from Central Amazon with Seedlings Highly Dependent on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.

is one of the most abundant pioneer tree species in anthropized areas of the Central Amazon, and has ecological importance for the environmental resilience of phosphorus (P)-depleted areas. Thus, we investigated whether depends on symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to grow and establish under the edaphic stresses of low nutrient content and low surface moisture retention capacity of the substrate. We tried three AMF inoculation treatments: (1) CON-no mycorrhizae; (2) MIX-with AMF from pure collection cultures, and (3) NAT-with native AMF, combined with five doses of P via a nutrient solution.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil using cover crops with and without nitrogen addition.

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin content in soil under different cover crops with and without the application of nitrogen in the cover. The following cover plants were used: Crotalaria juncea ( L.), wild beans from Ceará ( Mart.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in coffee agroforestry, consortium and monoculture systems.

Understanding the effects of different production systems on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help to interpret interactions between their components and to define management strategies. As a result, our study was conducted on soils under three coffee production systems (one homogeneous and two heterogeneous) and in a native forest located in the Bahia state, Brazil. This study aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Does the organization and management of the coffee production system affect the occurrence and diversity of AMF?; and 2) Is the seasonality effect similar between systems? To do so, soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were collected at two times of the year (rainy and dry).

Development of a taxon-discriminating molecular marker to trace and quantify a mycorrhizal inoculum in roots and soils of agroecosystems.

Crop inoculation with Glomus cubense isolate (INCAM-4, DAOM-241198) promotes yield in banana, cassava, forages, and others. Yield improvements range from 20 to 80% depending on crops, nutrient supply, and edaphoclimatic conditions. However, it is difficult to connect yield effects with G.

Mycorrhizal networks facilitate the colonization of legume roots by a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) absorb and translocate nutrients from soil to their host plants by means of a wide network of extraradical mycelium (ERM). Here, we assessed whether nitrogen-fixing rhizobia can be transferred to the host legume Glycine max by ERM produced by Glomus formosanum isolate CNPAB020 colonizing the grass Urochloa decumbens. An H-bridge experimental system was developed to evaluate the migration of ERM and of the GFP-tagged Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110 strain across an air gap compartment.

Vegetative compatibility and anastomosis formation within and among individual germlings of tropical isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota).

Hyphal anastomoses which play a key role in the formation of interconnected mycorrhizal networks and in genetic exchange among compatible individuals have been studied in a limited number of species and isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), mainly in symbiotic mycelium. In this work, the occurrence and frequency of anastomosis between hyphae of the same and different germlings were assessed in tropical isolates belonging to Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Gigaspora, Glomus, Rhizophagus and Scutellospora. Germlings belonging to Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Glomus and Rhizophagus formed perfect hyphal fusions, with frequencies ranging from 9.

Enhancement of clover growth by inoculation of P-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was fertilized with 3 g L(-1) of Araxá apatite.

Communities of P-solubilizing bacteria, fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in grass pasture and secondary forest of Paraty, RJ--Brazil.

Communities of P-solubilizing bacteria, fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, were evaluated in two different ecosystems. Samplings taken from two areas of Atlantic forest, in Paraty-RJ, Brazil, one with a secondary forest and the other with a grass pasture were studied. Four growth media: GL (glucose and yeast extract), GES (glucose, soil extract, KNO3, CaCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, FeEDTA and micronutrients solution), GAGES (glucose, soil extract, arabinose, glycerol, CaCl2, MgSO4 and NaCl) and GELP (glucose, soil extract, yeast extract, peptone, CaCl2, MgSO4 and NaCl) were evaluated for the isolation of P-solubilizing microorganisms.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid copper mining area in Brazil.

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in a copper mining area was investigated. Soil samples were collected from six sites at the Mineração Caraiba, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil, comprising: (1) a site that receives the waste product; (2) a site that receives low grade deposits; (3) the interface between the caatinga and site 1; (4) the surroundings of the industrial area; (5) the site for extracting topsoil for land filling; (6) the preserved caatinga. Thirty-two plant species were identified around the collection locations.