ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.

OF WHAT IS NEW/DIFFERENT Updates since the 2022 ISPAD guidelines on this topic include: • Diagnostic algorithm for youth with new onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). • Algorithms and tables for treatment, management, and assessment of co-morbidities and complications. • Recommendations on recently approved pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of youth-onset T2D and management strategies.

Overweight and obesity among Israeli adolescents and the risk for serious morbidity in early young adulthood: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Background: Morbidities related to obesity are usually associated with its severity and duration. Yet, the onset of serious morbidities in early adulthood among otherwise healthy adolescents with obesity is understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between adolescent BMI and serious morbidities before age 25 years.

Insights into Central Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Context: Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) is a thyroid hormone deficiency at birth caused by inadequate pituitary stimulation of the thyroid gland. Although primary CH has been studied extensively, studies on CCH are sparse.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of CCH in Israel and describe its clinical features, neonatal screening results, and outcomes.

Heritability of Body Mass Index Among Familial Generations.

Importance: Studies on the familial effects of body mass index (BMI) status have yielded a wide range of data on its heritability.

Objective: To assess the heritability of obesity by measuring the association between the BMIs of fathers, mothers, and their offspring at the same age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used data from population-wide mandatory medical screening before compulsory military service in Israel.

Stuttering in adolescence and the risk for dysglycemia in early adulthood.

Aims: To investigate the association between stuttering during adolescence and the onset of dysglycemia (prediabetes or type 2 diabetes) in early adulthood among men and women.

Materials And Methods: This cohort study included Maccabi Health Services members assessed for mandatory military service at ages 16-19 during 1990-2019 and followed until 31 December 2020. Stuttering status was recorded in the baseline medical evaluation.

An "out of the box" approach for prevention of ketoacidosis in youth with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: combined use of insulin pump and long-acting insulin.

Background: Poorly controlled adolescents living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and pump failure of insulin delivery leading to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are still challenging in the western world.

Aim: To investigate the effect of a combination modality of long-acting insulin for basal coverage and a pump for boluses, on the incidence of DKA and glycemic parameters in pediatric and young adults with poorly controlled T1D.

Methods: This multicenter, observational retrospective study included 55 patients (age range 3-25 years, 52.

Real-Life Achievements of MiniMed 780G Advanced Closed-Loop System in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: AWeSoMe Study Group Multicenter Prospective Trial.

We assessed real-life glycemic outcomes and predictors of composite measures of optimal glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during their initial 12 months of the MiniMed™ 780G use. This prospective observational multicenter study collected demographic, clinical, and 2-week 780G system data at five time points. Optimal glycemic control was defined as a composite glycemic control (CGC) score requiring the attainment of four recommended continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) targets, as well as the glycemia risk index (GRI) of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and composite CGM index (COGI).

A comparison of the usage of an open-source automated insulin delivery system and the MiniMed™ 780 G system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in real-world settings: the AWeSoMe study group.

Purpose: In recent years there has been a noticeable increase in the use of advanced hybrid closed-loop systems (AHCLs) for managing type 1 diabetes (T1D) among youth. However, there is a lack of comparison between the open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) system and the MiniMed™ 780 G system (780 G).

Methods: In this multi-center study, we retrospectively compared selected glycemic ranges of 26 individuals who used open-source AID and 20 individuals who used 780 G (age 11.

Bleeding phenotype and hemostatic evaluation by thrombin generation in children with Noonan syndrome: A prospective study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the bleeding phenotype and to conduct a comprehensive hemostatic evaluation in individuals with Noonan syndrome (NS), a dominantly inherited disorder caused by pathogenic variants in genes associated with the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.

Methods: Children with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of NS underwent clinical evaluation, routine laboratory tests, platelet function testing, and thrombin generation (TG) assessment.

Results: The study included 24 children.

The Mediterranean Diet for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Prospective Interventional Study.

The Mediterranean diet (MED) is highly recommended. Medical nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. The primary outcome was to evaluate the change in micronutrient intake of youth with type 1 diabetes before and after a 6-month MED intervention; we also assessed adherence and glycemic control.

High BMI and the risk for incident type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregated cohort studies.

Background: There is uncertainty regarding the role of obesity in type 1 diabetes development. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to collect and synthesize evidence regarding BMI and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the association between BMI and incident type 1 diabetes.

Body mass index and migraine in adolescence: A nationwide study.

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and migraine in adults has been well established. However, studies in children and adolescents are inconclusive. We aimed to study the association between BMI and migraine using a national dataset that comprises the electronic medical records of more than two million adolescents.

Virtual reality's impact on children with type 1 diabetes: a proof-of-concept randomized cross-over trial on anxiety, pain, adherence, and glycemic control.

Aims:  Assess the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) technology, in reducing pain and anxiety, and improving adherence and glycemic control among children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Children with T1D, managed with continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps, were recruited for a randomized cross-over trial. Children were randomized to one of two interventions for diabetes management: group 1 used VR glasses first and group 2 listened to vocal-guided affective imagery first (audio).

Short Stature and Distinct Growth Characteristics in Angelman Syndrome.

Introduction: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare, genetic, neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe impairments in speech, cognition, and motor skills accompanied by unique behaviors, distinct facial features, and high prevalence of epilepsy and sleep problems. Despite some reports of short stature among AS patients, this feature is not included in the clinical criteria defined in 2005. We investigated growth patterns among AS patients with respect to mutation type, growth periods, family history, and endocrine abnormalities.

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics and Long-term Follow-up of Children With Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type IA.

Context: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type IA (PHPIA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hormone resistance and a typical phenotype named Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. Unawareness of this rare disease leads to delays in diagnosis.

Objective: The aims of this study were to describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with genetically confirmed GNAS mutations and to evaluate their long-term outcomes.

Adolescent body mass index and cognitive performance: a nationwide study of 2.48 million Israeli adolescents.

Importance: The increased incidence of adolescent obesity over recent decades may be associated with lower cognitive performance than the expected potential.

Objective: We aimed to assess the association between adolescent body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function.

Design: A nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based study.

Open-source automated insulin delivery systems (OS-AIDs) in a pediatric population with type 1 diabetes in a real-life setting: the AWeSoMe study group experience.

Purpose: The use of open-source automated insulin delivery systems (OS-AIDs), for the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), has increased over recent years in all age groups. Real-life data has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these systems, however, studies in the pediatric population remain limited. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of transition to an OS-AIDs on glycemic parameters, and on several aspects related to quality of life.

MiniMed 780G Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Outcomes According to Pubertal Status: Awesome Study Group Real-Life Experience.

Achieving good glycemic control is a major challenge for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (TID). The introduction of the MiniMed 780G system, an advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) that enables an automatic correction of insulin, gave hope for improved glycemic outcomes in adolescents. We assessed specific characteristics associated with glycemic measures in youth with T1D switching to Minimed 780G.

Glucose intolerance in pregnancy and risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Background: The risk of type 2 diabetes among women with glucose intolerance during pregnancy that does not meet gestational diabetes criteria requires further investigation. We aimed to explore the associations between various degrees of gestational glucose intolerance and the risk of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood.

Methods: For this population-based cohort study, the national Israeli conscription database was linked to Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS), the second-largest state-mandated health provider in Israel.